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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Excess phosphorus
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causes eutrophication
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Biotechnology
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=use or alteration of cells/molecules for specific purposes
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Transgenic organisms
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plant/animal with genetic change in each cell (usually inserting foreign gene)
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Recombinant DNA
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adding foriegn genes to cells
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Gene targeting
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moves a gene to a particular location
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Transgenic sheep
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produce human protein alpha1-antitrypsin.
Treat deficiency which causes damage to lungs/liver |
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GMO primates
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uesless "marker" gene was inserted into first GMO monkey
Shows promise for human gene therapy |
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DNA toolbox
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Restriction enzymes
DNA Ligase Vectors Recipient cells |
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Restriction enzymes
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=cut DNA at specific locations
EcoR1 cuts GAATTC (CTTAAG) |
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DNA ligase
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attaches 2 pieces of DNA together
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Vectors
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=carry DNA to new location
plasmids: circular DNA from bacteria Bacteriophages: viruses that infect bacteria retroviruses: RNA viruses artificial chromosomes |
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Recipient cells
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cells to recieve the DNA
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Recombinant DNA
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genomic library: collection of cells that contain entire genome
complementary DNA library: collection of protein-encoding genes |
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Recombinant DNA procedure
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1.isolate gene of interest
2.insert DNA into recipient cells 3.select cells that contain gene of interest 4.clone cells that contain the gene of interest 5.stimulate expression of gene and collect protein product |
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recombinant DNA tech.
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ex. human insulin
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Transgenic organisms
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new traits introduced to organism
Requires moving DNA into cell -plants: gene guns, Ti plasmid, viruses -animals: chemicals that open membrane, liposomes, electricity, injections |
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Gene Targeting
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gene exchanges places w/ its counterpart on host cell's chromosome.
-knockouts: remove a gene and see what happens w/ phenotype -knockins: add gene |
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Bioremediation
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use of an organism's engineered abilities to remove toxins from enviornment
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phytoremediation
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pick up heavy metals from soils
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Problems w/ release of GMOs
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Economic: lost productivity
Ecological: potentially damaging Evolutionary |
