Bio 311D Test 3 Key Concepts/conclusions

Front 1

1) nervous systems are composed of ____
2) neurons are ____
3) with stimulation, the polarity of charge across the membrane __from ___inside the cell to being ___
4) ___are changes in the polarity of the cell membrane
5) information flow starts with ___which ___ along the ___
6) __released from a neuron ___or___the ___,___,___
7) information flow depends on __of___

Back 1

1) neurons
2) excitable cells
3) reverses; negatively charged; positively charged
4) action potentials
5) action potentials; self propagate; plasma membrane
6) chemical signals; stimulate; inhibit; adjoining neuron; muscle cell; gland cell
6) integration; signals

Front 2

1) the nervous system consists of ___neurons, ___neurons, and ___neurons which activate ___ and ____
2) a neuron's ___and ___are ___zones and the ___ is the __zone
3) there is a ___across the plasma membrane in a resting neuron
4) an action potential is a ___of the ___across the membrane
5) when Na+ channels open, allowing Na+ to __a cell, the voltage difference across the membrane ___abruptly
6) ___restore the gradients after an action potential
7) neurotransmitters released into a ___ may ___or__the cell's ___

Back 2

1) sensory; interneurons; motor; muscles; glands
2) dendrites; cell body; input; axon ending; output
3) voltage difference
4) reversal; voltage difference
5) enter; reverses
6) sodium/potassium pumps
7) synaptic cleft; excite; inhibit; plasma membrane

Front 3

1) __have central roles in integrating the activities of individual cells in ways that benefit the whole body
2) animals have two systems of ___and___: ___and __systems
3) hormones may reach ___: but only certain types of __, ___are equipped to ___
4) many types of hormones influence ___and ___in target cells
5) the __and ___ interact in ways that coordinate the activities of endocrine glands

Back 3

1) hormones
2) internal communication; regulation; endocrine; nervous
3) all parts of the body; cells; target cells; respond
4) gene transcription; protein synthesis
5) hypothalamus; pituitary gland

Front 4

1) integration of cell activities requires the __or__effects of __
2) in target cells, hormones influence ___,___, and ___
3) the posterior pituitary gland ___and ___ ___ and ___
4) the hypothalamic hormones called ____control ___from ___of the ___of the ___
5) the anterior lobe ___

Back 4

1) stimulatory; inhibitory; signaling molecules
2) gene activation; protein synthesis; alterations in existing enzymes
3) stores; secretes; ADH; oxytocin
4) inhibitory or releasing hormones; secretions; different cells; anterior lobe; pituitary gland
5) makes many hormones

Front 5

1) the plant kingdom consists of ____
2) nearly all plants ___
3) plants have ____that allow them to ___,____, and ___
4) land plants are ___adapted to withstand ___

Back 5

1) multicelled photoautotrophs
2) live on land
3) structural adaptations; photosynthesize; absorb ions and water; conserve water
4) reproductively; dry periods

Front 6

1) early divergence gave rise to the ____, then the ____, and then the ____
2) ___are the non-flowering seed bearing vascular plants and ___are the flowering seed bearing vascular plants
3) flowering plants or ___consist of two main classes: ___ and ___

Back 6

1) bryophytes; seedless vascular plants; seed bearing vascular plants
2) gymnosperms; angiosperms
3) angiosperms; eudicots (dicots); monocots

Front 7

1) plants probably arose from ___
2) bryophytes are ____plants and require ___
3) ___plants are adapted to life on land
4) ____are vascular plants that produce pollen grains and seeds
5) evolution of __freed these plants from dependence on water for fertilization
6) ___produce flowers and coevolved with ___

Back 7

1) green algae (charophyceans)
2) nonvascular; water for fertilization
3) vascular
4) gymnosperm
5) pollen grains
6) angiosperms; pollinators