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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prokaryotic cell
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typically 0.5-5 (micro)m d, has a cell wall: in hypertonic environment, most prokaryotes lose water
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Cell wall (prokaryotes vs eukaryotes)
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eukaryotic made of cellulose or chitin, bacterial contain peptidoglycan (network of modified-sugar polymers cross linked by polypeptides)
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capsule
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sticky layer of polysaccharide or protein, enables adherance to their substrate or to other individuals in colony
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fimbriae
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(attachment pili) hair like protein appendages that help prokaryotes stick to one another.
sex pili pull two cells together prior to DNA transfer |
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taxis
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movement towards or away from a stimulus
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nucleoid
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region of cytoplasm that appears lighter than surroundings, holds the chromosome
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plasmids
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small rings of separately replicating DNA, mostly carries only a few genes.
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chromosome
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most cases has considerably less DNA than eukaryote, consists of circular chromosome structure includes fewer proteins than eukaryotes
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phototrophs / chemotrophs
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obtain energy from light / obtain energy from chemicals
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autotrophs / heterotrophs
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need only an inorganic compound such as CO2 as carbon source / require a least one organic nutrient such as glucose
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Photoautotrophs
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photosynthetic organisms capture light energy and use it to synthesize organic compounds from inorganic compounds
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Chemoautotrophs
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oxidize inorganic compounds for energy and use it to synthesize organic compounds from inorganic compounds
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Photoheterotrophs
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capture light energy, needs organic compound to synthesize organic compounds
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Chemoheterotrophs
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must consume organic molecules to gain energy and synthesize organic compounds
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Obligate aerobes
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use O2 for cellular respiration cannot grow w/o it
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Obligate anaerobes
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poisoned by O2, some live by fermentation others by anaerobic respiration: substances other than O2 accept electrons at end of ETC
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Facultative anaerobes
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use O2 if present but can perform anaerobic respiration or fermentation
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Compare - nuclear envelope
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Bacteria - absent
Archaea - absent Eukarya - present |
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Compare - membrane-enclosed organelles
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Bacteria - absent
Archaea - absent Eukarya - present |
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Compare - Peptidoglycan in cell wall
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Bacteria - present
Archaea - absent Eukarya - absent |
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Compare - membrane lipids
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Bacteria - Unbranched hydrocarbons
Archaea - some branched hydrocarbons Eukarya - unbranched hydrocarbons |
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compare - RNA polymerase
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Bacteria - One kind
Archaea - several kinds Eukarya - several kinds |
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Compare - initiator amino acid for protein synthesis
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Bacteria - Formylmethionin
Archaea - Methionine Eukarya - Methionine |
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Compare - Introns in genes
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Bacteria - very rare
Archaea - present in some genes Eukarya - present |
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Compare - Response to antibiotics streptomycin and chloramphenicol
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Bacteria - growth inhibited
Archaea - growth not inhibited Eukarya - growth not inhibited |
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Compare - Histones associated with DNA
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Bacteria - absent
Archaea - present in some species Eukarya - present |
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Compare - Circular chromosome
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Bacteria - present
Archaea - present Eukarya - absent |
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Compare - Growth at temperatures > 100 C
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Bacteria - No
Archaea - some species Eukarya - No |
