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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three basic functions of the nervous system?
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1. senses change with sensory receptors that are found in the skin
2. interprets and remembers change 3. reacts to change by causing muscular contraction or glandular secretions |
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What is the anterior part of the CNS?
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The brain
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What is the posterior part of the CNS called?
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The spinal cord
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How many spinal nerves are there?
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62 (31 pair)
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Which type of nerve is afferent?
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Sensory
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What is the efferent (carries signal away) part of the PNS?
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Motor neurons
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What part of the PNS is an integrated function and analyzes info brought into the CNS by afferent nerves?
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Interneurons
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What is unique about nerve cells?
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They have no capability to reproduce, but have the potential to regenerate and divide to become new neurons.
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What constitutes a nissil body?
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dark stained material in the cell that represents clusters of ribosomes attached to the ER.
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What is lipofucsin?
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pigment that represents residue of undigested material in the lysosome.
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Do dendrites have myelin?
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No, they have neurofibrils and nissil bodies.
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What membrane covers the axon?
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The plasma membrane (axolemma)
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What membrane covers the soma?
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The neurolemma
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Where is acetylcholine found?
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The axon terminal
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Are neuroglial cells able to divide?
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Yes and they can reproduce
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What is the function of an astrocyte?
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To provide structural support and aid in the protection involved in the BBB, important in potassium balance.
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What is the function of a microglial cell?
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Phagocyte of CNS, derived from the macrophage
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Ependymal cell
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Cuboidal cells that line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord. Also produces cerebral spinal fluid.
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Oligodendrocyte
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Produces myelin in the CNS
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Schwann cells
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Produces myelin in the PNS
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Ganglion cell
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cell body located in the PNS
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Node of Ranvier
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gaps between myelin
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What are the two types of neurofibers?
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1. white-myelinated, fast impulses
2. small diameter fiber-unmyelinated, slow conduction |
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Are dendrites and cell bodies found in gray matter?
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Yes--DENDRITES ARE NEVER MYELINATED!
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5 components of a reflex
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1. receptor
2. sensory neuron 3. integrating center (brain/spinal cord) 4. motor neuron 5. effector |
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Where do neurons have voltage differences?
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Along their membranes
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Do action potentials travel long distances or stay locally?
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Long distances, graded potentials are locally active
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What channel is potassium mostly found in?
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Leakage, therefore membrane permeability is higher for Potassium than it is for Sodium.
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What are the three gated channels?
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1. voltage-gated (action potential)
2. ligand-gated (ions/particles) 3. mechanically-gated (vibration/pressure) |
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Where is there a more negative charge, in the ICF or ECF?
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ICF
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Where can you find sodium?
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the ECF
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Are graded potentials dependant on the strength of the stimulus?
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Yes
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What is depolarization?
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Decrease and reverse resting potential--becomes less negative as the threshold is passed. It is then repolarized and returned to the resting potential of -70Mv
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What is the all-or-none principle?
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If a stimulus reaches threshold (-55Mv) the action potential generated is always the same. The stronger stimulus will not cause a longer impulse
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