Bio 30 Unit A Module 1 (Part 5)

Front 1

round window

Back 1

a membrane-covered opening between the chamber of the middle ear and inner ear located below the oval window

Front 2

salutatory conduction

Back 2

rapid transmission of nerve impulse along an axon resulting from the action potential jumping from one node of Ranvier to another, skipping the myelinated regions of the membrane

Front 3

Schwann cell

Back 3

a type of supporting nerve cell that is found in the PNS and wraps around axons of neurons and produces the myelin sheath

Front 4

sclera

Back 4

the white, tough, protective layer of the eye that helps give the eyeball its shape; the white of the eye

Front 5

semicircular canals

Back 5

three tubes that are situated at right angles to one another and contain mechanoreceptors that detect head and body rotation; responsible for dynamic balance or rotational equilibrium (rotational equilibrium dynamic balance), which is the balance that is established in response to the head and body being moved or rotated

Front 6

sensation

Back 6

the reception and processing by the brain of a nerve impulse sent by an activated sensory receptor

Front 7

senses

Back 7

specialized mechanisms or functions by which an organism is receptive and responsive to a certain class of

Front 8

sensory adaptation

Back 8

the tendency of sensory neurons to become less sensitive when they are repeatedly stimulated

Front 9

sensory neuron

Back 9

a type of nerve cell that receives stimuli and conducts an impulse toward the brain and spinal cord

Front 10

sensory receptor

Back 10

a cell or groups of cell that is specialized to receive stimuli that provide information about the body's external conditions and internal conditions

Front 11

serotonin

Back 11

an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS

Front 12

somatic nervous system (SNS)

Back 12

a part of the PNS that conducts nerve messages to the skeletal muscles, also known at the voluntary nervous system

Front 13

sound

Back 13

pressure disturbance beginning at a vibrating object and spread out by a medium (air)

Front 14

sound wave

Back 14

a series of compressions and rarefactions resulting in a S-shaped curve

Front 15

stapes (stirrup)

Back 15

the third ossicles, involved with amplifying sound

Front 16

static balance (gravitational equilibrium)

Back 16

balance resulting from changes in the position or the movement of the head in one direction; usually response to gravity

Front 17

sympathetic nervous system

Back 17

fight-or-flight, preparing for stress

Front 18

synapse

Back 18

the location or junction in a neural pathway where one neuron communicates with another neuron; a tiny gap between the synaptic terminal of an axon and the signal receiving dendrite or cell body of another neuron or an effector, such as a muscle

Front 19

synaptic cleft

Back 19

a tiny space between the synaptic knob of a transmitting neuron and the receiving neuron or effector cell

Front 20

synaptic knob

Back 20

tiny enlarged ending on an axon terminal

Front 21

synaptic vesicle

Back 21

a tiny membranous sac that, in this case, contains neurotransmitters

Front 22

tapetum

Back 22

a layer in the choroid that increases the absorption of light to stimulate photoreceptors in dim conditions

Front 23

taste bud

Back 23

a sensory organ composed of a taste pore, taste cells, and sensory fibres of a sensory neuron involved in initiating taste sensations

Front 24

tectorial membrane

Back 24

one of two parallel membranes found in the organ of Corti. During the transmission of sound waves, the basilar membrane vibrates and causes the sensory hairs to flex against the tectorial membrane

Front 25

thermoreceptor

Back 25

a sensory receptor that detects heat or cold