Bio 3 Ch 1-2

Front 1

the scientific study of life

Back 1

biology

Front 2

every substance and energy in the universe except what humans have manufactured

Back 2

nature

Front 3

fundamental building blocks of all matter

Back 3

atom

Front 4

atoms join to become?

Back 4

molecules

Front 5

smallest unit of life that can survive and reproduce on its own

Back 5

cell

Front 6

individual that consists of one or more cells

Back 6

organism

Front 7

group of individuals of the same species that live in a given area

Back 7

population

Front 8

all populations of all species in a given area

Back 8

community

Front 9

a community interacting with its environment

Back 9

ecosystem

Front 10

all regions of Earth where organisms live

Back 10

biosphere

Front 11

characteristic of a system that does not appear in any of the system's component parts

Back 11

emergent property

Front 12

the capacity to do work

Back 12

energy

Front 13

substance that an organism needs for growth and survival, but cannot make for itself

Back 13

nutrient

Front 14

make their own food using energy and simple raw materials they get directly from their environment

Back 14

producers

Front 15

get energy and nutrients indirectly- by feeding on other organisms

Back 15

consumers

Front 16

cellular structure that responds to a specific form of stimulation

Back 16

receptors

Front 17

set of process by which an organism keeps its internal conditions within tolerable ranges

Back 17

homeostasis

Front 18

molecule that carries hereditary information about traits

Back 18

DNA

Front 19

increase in the number, size, and volume of cells in multicelled species

Back 19

growth

Front 20

multistep process by which the first cell of a new individual becomes a multicelled adult

Back 20

development

Front 21

transmission of DNA from parent to offspring

Back 21

inheritance

Front 22

process by which parents produce offspring

Back 22

reproduction

Front 23

a group of species that share a unique set of traits

Back 23

genus

Front 24

single celled organisms in which their DNA is not contained in the nucleus

Back 24

prokaryote

Front 25

organisms whose cells characteristically have a nucleus

Back 25

eukaryote

Front 26

judging information before accepting it

Back 26

critical thinking

Front 27

systematic study of nature

Back 27

science

Front 28

hypothesis that has not been disproven after many years of testing and is useful for making predictions about other phenomena

Back 28

scientific theory

Front 29

consistent natural phenomena for which there is incomplete scientific explanation

Back 29

law of nature

Front 30

adding all the data together and dividing by the total amount of data

Back 30

finding the mean

Front 31

the smallest and largest data listed

Back 31

the range

Front 32

scanning lens magnifies ?x's

Back 32

4

Front 33

low power magnifies ?x's

Back 33

10

Front 34

high power magnifies ?x's

Back 34

40

Front 35

scanning lens x ocular lens=

Back 35

40x magnification

Front 36

low power lens x ocular lens=

Back 36

100x magnification

Front 37

high power lens x ocular lens=

Back 37

400x magnification

Front 38

observations such as color, texture, etc

Back 38

qualitative observation

Front 39

observations such as measurements, data, etc

Back 39

quantitative observations

Front 40

the ability of living things to respond to stimuli

Back 40

responsiveness

Front 41

characteristics of a species which allows survival

Back 41

adaptation

Front 42

body form or covering

Back 42

physical adaptation

Front 43

involves internal body chemistry or timing of life processes

Back 43

physiological adaptation

Front 44

how the animal reacts to external stimuli that aids in their survival or reproductive success

Back 44

behavioral adaptation

Front 45

3 domains

Back 45

bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Front 46

neither animal plant or fungi

Back 46

protists

Front 47

group of objects or individuals that display or are exposed to a variable under investigation

Back 47

experimental group

Front 48

group of objects or individuals that is identical to an experimental group except for one variable

Back 48

control group

Front 49

the number of protons in the atomic nucleus; determines the element

Back 49

atomic number

Front 50

pure substance that consists only of atoms with the same number of protons

Back 50

element

Front 51

forms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons their atoms carry

Back 51

isotopes

Front 52

total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the element's atom

Back 52

mass number

Front 53

isotope with an unstable nucleus

Back 53

radioisotope

Front 54

when radioisotopes spontaneously emit energy and subatomic particles when their nucleus disintegrates

Back 54

radioactive decay

Front 55

molecules with a detectable substance attached

Back 55

tracers

Front 56

atom with unequal number of protons and electrons

Back 56

ion

Front 57

an attractive force that arises between two atoms when their electrons interact

Back 57

chemical bond

Front 58

type of molecule that has atoms of more than one element

Back 58

compound

Front 59

type of chemical bond in which a strong mutual attraction forms between ions of opposite charge

Back 59

ionic bond

Front 60

chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons

Back 60

covalent bond

Front 61

having an even distribution of charge

Back 61

nonpolar

Front 62

uneven distribution of charge

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polar

Front 63

any separation of charge into distinct positive and negative regions

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polarity

Front 64

attraction that forms between a covalently bonded hydrogen atom and another atom taking part in a separate covalent bond

Back 64

hydrogen bond

Front 65

liquid that can dissolve other substances

Back 65

solvent

Front 66

a dissolved substance

Back 66

solute

Front 67

tendency of molecules to stick together

Back 67

cohesion

Front 68

measure of molecular motion

Back 68

temperature

Front 69

transition of a liquid to a gas

Back 69

evaporation

Front 70

measure of the number of hydrogen ions in a fluid

Back 70

pH

Front 71

substances that releases hydrogen ions in water

Back 71

acids

Front 72

substances that accepts hydrogen ions in water

Back 72

base

Front 73

set of chemicals that can keep the pH of a solution stable by alternately donating and accepting ions that contribute to pH

Back 73

buffers

Front 74

molecule that is a subunit of polymers

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monomer

Front 75

molecule that consists of multiple monomers

Back 75

polymers

Front 76

all the enzyme-mediated chemical reactions by which cells acquire and use energy as they build and break down organic molecules.

Back 76

metabolism

Front 77

process by which enzymes build large molecules from smaller subunits; water also forms

Back 77

condensation

Front 78

process by which enzymes break a molecule into smaller subunits by attaching a hydroxyl group to one part and a hydrogen atom to the other

Back 78

hydrolysis

Front 79

consists of primarily C, H, and O atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio

Back 79

carbohydrates

Front 80

fatty, oily, or waxy organic compounds

Back 80

lipids

Front 81

organic compound that consists of a long chain of carbon atoms which an acidic carboxyl group at the end

Back 81

fatty acid

Front 82

lipids with 1-3 fatty acid tails

Back 82

fat

Front 83

lipid with 3 fatty acid tails attached to a glycerol backbone

Back 83

triglyceride

Front 84

fatty acid with no double bonds in its carbon tail

Back 84

saturated fat

Front 85

lipid with at least one double bond in a fatty acid tail

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unsaturated fat

Front 86

a lipid with a phosphate group in its hydrophilic head, and 2 nonpolar fatty acid tails

Back 86

phospholipid

Front 87

water repellent lipid with long fatty acid tails bonded to long chain alcohols or carbon rings

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wax

Front 88

type of lipid with 4 carbon rings and no fatty acid tails

Back 88

steroid

Front 89

organic compound that consists of one or more chains of amino acids

Back 89

proteins

Front 90

small organic compound with a carboxyl group, an amine group, and a characteristic side group

Back 90

amino acid

Front 91

bond between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another

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peptide bond

Front 92

chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Back 92

polypeptide

Front 93

to unravel the shape of a protein or a large biological molecule

Back 93

denature

Front 94

infectious protein

Back 94

prion

Front 95

monomer of nucleic acids; has 5 carbon sugar, nitrogen containing base, and phosphate groups

Back 95

nucleotide

Front 96

nucleotide that consist of an adenine base, 5 carbon ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups. also functions as an energy carrier

Back 96

ATP

Front 97

chain of nucleotides joined together by sugar phosphate bonds

Back 97

nucleic acid

Front 98

single stranded nucleic acid; roles in protein synthesis

Back 98

RNA

Front 99

nucleic acid that carries hereditary material; consists of 2 nucleotide chains twisted in a double helix

Back 99

DNA

Front 100

The six major elements that make up 99% of the elements in all living things

Back 100

Carbon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen phosphorus and sulfer

Front 101

Molecule composed of a single element and two atoms

Back 101

Diatomic molecule

Front 102

An atom with a filled outside shell

Back 102

Satisfied