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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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saclike photosynthetic membrane found in chloroplasts
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Thylakoid
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light-collecting units of the chloroplast
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Photosystem
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region outside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts
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Stroma
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one of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules
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NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
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reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH.
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Light-dependent reactions
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large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP
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ATP synthase
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reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars
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Calvin Cycle
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change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
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Evolution
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well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
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Theory
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preserved remains or evidence of an ancient organism
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Fossil
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selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms
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Artificial Selection
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competition among members of a species for food, living space, and the other necessities of life
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Struggle for Existence
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ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
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Fitness
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inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival
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Adaptation
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process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection
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Survival of the Fittest
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process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest
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Natural Selection
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principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time
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Descent with Modification
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principle that all living things were derived from common ancestors
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Common Descent
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structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues
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Homologous Structures
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organ that serves no useful function in an organism
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Vestigial Organ
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combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population
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Gene Pool
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number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles occur
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Relative Frequency
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Trait-trait controlled by a single gene that has two alleles
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Single-Gene Trait
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trait controlled by two or more genes
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Polygenic Trait
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