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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetics
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Study of inheritance and inheritable traits as expressed in an organism’s genetic material
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Genome
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-The entire genetic complement of an organism
- Includes its genes and nucleotide sequences |
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haploid
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having single chromosome copy
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Plasmids
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Small molecules of DNA that replicate independently
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diploid
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two chromosome copies
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Extranuclear DNA of eukaryotes is located in
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mitochondria and chloroplasts
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DNA molecules of mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to
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chromosomes of prokaryotes
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DNA Replication is semiconservative, what does that mean?
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New DNA composed of one original and one daughter strand
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Genotype
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Set of genes in the genome
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Phenotype
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Physical features and functional traits of the organism
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Transcription
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Information in DNA is copied as RNA
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Translation
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Polypeptides synthesized from RNA
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Central dogma of genetics
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-DNA transcribed to RNA
-RNA translated to form polypeptides |
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Four types of RNA
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RNA primers
mRNA rRNA tRNA |
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Three steps of RNA replicatoin
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Initiation
Elongation Termination |
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where does RNA transcription occur in prokaryotes
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in the nucleoid
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where does RNA transcription occur in eukaryotes
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in the nucleus
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Translation
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Process where ribosomes use genetic information of nucleotide sequences to synthesize polypeptides
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Three stages of translation
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Initiation
Elongation Termination |
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What percentage of genes are expressed at all times
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75%
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An operon consists of
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a promoter and a series of genes
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Mutation
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Change in the nucleotide base sequence of a genome
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Mutagens
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-anything that causes mutations(changes in DNA)
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Transposons
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Segments of DNA that move from one location to another in the same or different molecule
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