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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most diverse group of cellular microbes?
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-Prokaryotes
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How do Prokaryotes reproduce?
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-All reproduce asexually
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What are the methods of reproduction?
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-Binary Fission (most common)
-Snapping division (version of binary fission) -Budding |
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What are the Seven Prokaryotic morphologies?
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-Coccus
-Coccobacillus -Bacillus -Vibrio -Spirillum -Spirochete -Pleomorphic |
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Cocci are often found in pairs, list the groupings.
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-Diplococci- pairs
-Streptococci- long chains -Staphylococci- clusters -Sarcinae- cuboidal packets -Tetrads-Flat groups of Four |
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List the cell groupings of Bacilli.
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-Single
-Pairs -Chains -Palisade (folded arrangement) |
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Describe Snapping Division.
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-An inner thick wall is deposited between the cell. Eventually the thinner outer membrane tears in a snapping motion leaving the parent and daughter cell attached by the old cell wall.
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Describe budding .
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-An outgrowth of the original cell receives a copy of the genetic material and enlarges. Eventually the bud is cut off from the parental cell.
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Describe an Endospore.
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-Stable resting stage of a gram positive bacillus or colostrum that barley has a metabolism
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Three locations an endospore could form.
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Centrally, subterminally or terminally
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What type of DNA is used to classify Bacteria?
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-rRNA
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Does rRNA undergo Translation?
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-NO!
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What process is used to amplify rRNA in a laboratory?
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-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
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Are the cell walls of archaea contain peptidoglycan?
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-NO!
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What are the three phyla of archaea.
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-Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, Korarchaeota
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Do any phyla of archaea cause disease?
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-No!
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What is the most abundant archaea?
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-Crenarchaeota (found in the ocean)
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Can extremeophiles survive in normal conditions?
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-NO! they require extreme conditions
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What is the temperature cut off for thermophiles?
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-45*C (below that the cell functions will not function properly)
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What type of environment does a Halophile thrive in?
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-In Salty conditions, over 9% NaCl soulution. thrive best in 17%-23% NaCl
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Describe methanogen.
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-Largest group of archaea
-Obligate anaerobe -convert CO2, H2 and organic acids to methane gas CH4 |
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What are deeply branching bacteria?
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-rRNA sequences relate them to earliest forms of bacteria
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What are some characteristics of deeply branching bacteria?
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-Autotrophic (feed selvs with CO2)
-Live in hor, acidic, anerobic enviroments -examples- aquifex and deinococcus |
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What are the five groups of phototrophix bacteria?
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-Cyanobacteria
-Green sulfur -Green non-sulfur -Purple sulfur -Purple non-sulfur |
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What cell fixes nitrogen in cyanobacteria?
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-Heterocyst
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What cell performs photosynthesis in cyanobacteria?
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-Vegetative cell
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Describe Clostridia
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-Rod-shaped
-obligate anerobe (may form endospores -Name for genus Clostridium-causes: gangrene, tetanus and botulism |
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Define Mycoplasmas
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-Lack Cell walls
-Facultative or obligate anerobes -smallest free living cells -Associated with pneumonia and UTI's -has a distinct "fried egg" apperance |
