Bio

Front 1

1. If a hypothesis is supported many times, it becomes a ___________.

Back 1

Theory

Front 2

2. Explain the difference between independent and dependent variables

Back 2

independent variables do not depend on a changed circumstance, dependents do.

Front 3

3. What is a scientific theory?

Back 3

A theory that has been tested several times within the science community

Front 4

4. What is an enzyme?

Back 4

cell that breaks things down

Front 5

5. How do enzymes function?

Back 5

like a lock and key

Front 6

6. What conditions affect the performance of an enzyme?

Back 6

temperature, acidity, environmental factors

Front 7

7. What are the monomers that make up polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids?

Back 7

Jimy Jimey Jimbino

Front 8

8.What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Back 8

To prevent foreign organisms from entering cells

Front 9

9. What is the function of the proteins embedded in the plasma membrane?

Back 9

enable proteins to leave cells

Front 10

10. Explain the terms active transport and passive transport.

Back 10

transport that requires energy is active, passive is opposite.

Front 11

11. What is the function of the cell wall? What cells have them?

Back 11

Protect the contents of the cell; Plant cell

Front 12

12. COMPARE AND CONTRAST PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS.

Back 12

k

Front 13

13. Compare and contrast plant and animals cells.

Back 13

h

Front 14

14. What is the function of the golgi apparatus

Back 14

To package and send proteins

Front 15

15. Explain the difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Back 15

j

Front 16

16. Why is the cell theory considered a scientific theory?

Back 16

It is widely agreed on by several scientists

Front 17

17. What is the function of the mitochondria

Back 17

Give cell energy

Front 18

18. What is the function of the chloroplast?

Back 18

To convert sunlight into energy

Front 19

19. What molecule first captures energy from the sun?

Back 19

Chlorophyll

Front 20

20. What type of cells have mitochondria?

Back 20

Eukaryotic cells

Front 21

21. What type of cells have chloroplasts?

Back 21

Plant cells

Front 22

22. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis

Back 22

6CO2 + 6H2O =light energy=> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Front 23

23. Write the chemical equation for aerobic respiration.

Back 23

C6H2O6 + 6O2 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy (in the form of ATP)

Front 24

24. What are the four nucleotides in DNA? Which goes with which?

Back 24

Guanine goes with Cytosine, Adenine goes with Thymine

Front 25

25. If a DNA molecule has the sequence TACGAACCC, what would be the complimentary mRNA sequence?

Back 25

AUGCUUGGG

Front 26

26. Messenger RNA is formed in the process of _____.

Back 26

translation

Front 27

27. What happens during translation and transcription? What happens first?

Back 27

DNA is unwind-ed and copied then transported to mitochondria to make protein

Front 28

28. Use your genetic code chart to translate the mRNA into amino acids:
AUGUUUCAGUGA

Back 28

TACTTTGUCACU

Front 29

29. Why is tRNA important in translation?

Back 29

it transfers the mrna message

Front 30

30. How many amino acids does this DNA sequence represent: TAAAGGCCC?

Back 30

3

Front 31

31. What is the ratio of A:T and C:G?

Back 31

Even

Front 32

32. Why is DNA replication called semiconservative?

Back 32

the halves of dna split are re-used

Front 33

33. What molecules carry genetic info from the nucleus to the ribosome?

Back 33

Protein molecules

Front 34

34. What is a mutation?

Back 34

genetic variation within a cell's DNA

Front 35

35. How does meiosis ensure that each reproductive cells only gets one gene for each trait?

Back 35

By splitting chromosomes then rejoining the in the new cells

Front 36

36. If a body cell has 16 chromosomes, how many would a sex cell of the same organism have?

Back 36

8 chromosomes

Front 37

37. What type of cell undergoes meiosis?

Back 37

sex cells

Front 38

38. What type of cell results from a fertilized egg?

Back 38

A diploid cell

Front 39

39. If a dog has a genotype of Bbbb, what are the possible combinations of genotypes that could be present in a gamete?

Back 39

Bg, bg

Front 40

40. How can a lethal disease be passed from generation to generation?

Back 40

the inheritence of the lethal disease through genetic

Front 41

41. Are mutations good/bad/both and are they natural or unnatural?

Back 41

Both and can occur natural or unnatural

Front 42

42. Explain why human males determine the sex of their offspring

Back 42

Males pass on either an x or y chromosome that determines sex

Front 43

43. In fish, gold (G) is dominant to white (g). a.What are the possible genotypes in the offspring of 2 heterozygous goldfish? b. What percent of the offspring would be gold?

Back 43

GG, Gg gg, 75% would be gold

Front 44

44. What is a sex-linked trait, and how does it affect inheritance from mother to son?

Back 44

gene located on sex chromosome, male offspring more likely.

Front 45

45. What is natural selection?

Back 45

mechanism by which individuals with better traits survive and reproduce at a better rate than others

Front 46

46. What is genetic drift, and in what populations would it be most likely to occur?

Back 46

changes in allele frequency

Front 47

47. What is geographic isolation and how can it affect natural selection?

Back 47

isolation of population through landforms it can accelerate natural selection.

Front 48

48. What is biodiversity and how does it affect life on earth during times of environmental change?

Back 48

diversity of life. It diversifies life on earth and keeps everyone different

Front 49

49. On an energy pyramid: A. Which level has the smallest number of organisms? B. Which level receives the most energy from the sun? C. What type of organism is found at the top?

Back 49

last level has least organisms. first level receives most sun energy. tertiary predator is found at the top level

Front 50

50. What is an introduced species, and how can this affect on ecosystem?

Back 50

species unnaturally introduced to an area. It can change food chains

Front 51

51. During succession, why do the biotic factors change over time?

Back 51

The soil quality decreases over time

Front 52

52. Explain the role of burning plant matter in the carbon cycle.

Back 52

to release CO2 into the atmosphere

Front 53

53. Explain the role of a decomposer in an ecosystem

Back 53

to consume dead organisms

Front 54

54. How can immigration and emigration affect a population

Back 54

immigration increases populaton. emmigration decreases

Front 55

55. What is biodiversity?

Back 55

diversity of organisms in biosphere

Front 56

56. What is a population?

Back 56

group of species in an area

Front 57

57. What is the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the carbon/oxygen cycle?

Back 57

to keep the carbon/oxygen cycling throughout the atmosphere

Front 58

58. How does the nervous system work with other body systems?

Back 58

sends signals to dictate responses

Front 59

59. What is the function of the nervous system?

Back 59

alert body and interpret situations and surroundings

Front 60

60. What is the fight or flight response controlled by?

Back 60

adrenaline

Front 61

61. What is the function of a feedback loop?

Back 61

to keep things in check

Front 62

62. What is a reflex?

Back 62

response to stimlation

Front 63

63. What is the function of the skin?

Back 63

Act as a barrier

Front 64

64. What is a vaccination?

Back 64

weakened version of virus to prevent infection

Front 65

65. What is a virus?

Back 65

protein covered hostile cell

Front 66

66. How does HIV affect the body?

Back 66

disables immune system being able to fight infection