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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transcription |
Synthesis of RNA molecule that is complementary to one strand of DNA. |
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Translation |
The info in the RNA molecule is used to synthesize proteins |
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Features of RNA |
Single stranded Ribose Uracil instead of thymine Small Short lived In and out of nucleus |
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Types of RNA |
mRNA rRNA tRNA |
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mRNA function |
Encodes amino acud sequence |
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rRNA function |
Associates with proteins to form ribosomes, which structurally support and catalyze protein synthesis. |
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tRNA function |
Anticodon and amino acid binding site |
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Transcription Factors |
"Proteins" interact and form an apparatus that binds DNA at certain sequences to initiate transcription. |
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RNA sequence is _______ to the DNA ______ |
complementary, template strand |
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Transcription process requires |
Promoters Transcription factors RNA polymerase add to 3' end Terminator |
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3 steps of transcription |
1. Initiation 2. Elongation 3. Termination |
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Introns |
Intervening or noncoding sequences |
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Exons |
mRNA that remains is translated into amino acid sequence (protein) |
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Spliceosome |
Four snRNP's form a structure called spliceosome that cuts introns out and attaches exons to each other to form the mature mRNA that exits the nucleus |
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4 facts about the genetic code |
1. The code is triplet 2. The code does not overlap 3. The code includes controls 4. The code is universal |
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Synonymous codons/degenerate |
Different codons specify the SAME amino acid |
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Nonsynonymous codons |
Encodes DIFFERENT amino acids |
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Chaperone proteins |
Help fold the proteins in correct form. This helps protein function |
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Proteasome |
Tunnel-like multi protein structure ehich stretch the misfolded protein anr choppee into oieces of pepetide |
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Prion disease |
Proteins misfold from mutation or by having more than one conformation and become infectious |
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4 levels of protein folding* |
1. Primary structure (1°) 2. Secondary structure (2°) 3. Tertiary structure (3°) Quaternary structure (4°) |
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Primary structure 1° |
Sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain that form this structure |
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Secondary structure 2° |
Loops,coils, sheets or other shapes formed by hydrogen bonds between neighboring carboxyl and amino groups |
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Tertiary structure 3° |
Three dimensional forms shaped by bonds between R groups, interactions between R groups and water |
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Quaternary structure 4° |
Protein complexes formed by bonds between sperate polypeptides |
