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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Systematics |
The reconstruction and study of evolutionary relationships |
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Phylogeny |
The evolutionary history of an organism, shows relations with different species, Evolutionary tree |
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Derived |
Distinguish similarities among species inherited by recent ancestors of an entire group |
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Cladistics |
Taxonomic technique used for creating hierarchies of an organism that represent tree phylogenetic relationships and descent |
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Character States |
In cladisitcs, one of two or more distinguishing forms of a character |
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Outgroup |
Closely related to ingroup but less than the ingroup are to each other |
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Cladogram |
A diagram of 7 species that diagrams the relationship among the organisms based on the presence of derive characters |
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Homoplasy |
In cladistics a shared character state that has not been inherited from a common ancestor |
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Principle of parsimony |
A principle that states that scientist should favor the hypothesis that requires the fewest assumptions |
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Molecular clock |
A theory/assumption of an event that took time, fossils |
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Classification |
How we place species or groups |
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Monophyletic |
Ancestral species and all its descendants |
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Paraphyletic |
Missing descendants |
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Polyphyletic |
Missing ancestral species, (common ancestor) |
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Phylogenetic species concept |
The concept that defines a species in a group or population |
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Species Richness |
A greater # of species per clade |
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Genome |
The entire DNA sequence |
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Polyploidy |
Condition in which DNA has more sets of chromosomes |
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Transposons |
Jumping DNA in the same genome |
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Aneuploidy |
Duplication or loss of an individual chromosome rather than an entire genome |
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Pseudogenes |
A copy of a gene that is not transcribed |
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Vertical gene transfer |
An assumption based on phylogenies that states that genes are passed from generation to generation |
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Horizontal gene transfer |
The passing of genes horizontally between species |
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Endosymbiotic theory |
The theory of eukaryotes changing to prokryotes |
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Transcription |
When DNA changes to RNA |
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Morphology |
Form and structure of an organism |
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Heterochrony |
Allegations in timing due to a genetic change |
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Direct development |
When fertilization skips intermediate stage of development |
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Indirect development |
When fertilization has an intermediate stage |
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Homeosis |
Alterations in spatial pattern of a gene expression |
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Homoplastic convergence |
derived from another individual of the same species |
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Radially symetrical |
Circular plan, midpoint |
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Bilaterally symetrical |
Mirror images |
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Pax6 |
x6 is a transcription factor present during embryonic development |
