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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The cavity where the eyeball sits
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The Orbit
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The three layers or tunics of the eye
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1. The fibrous tunic
2. The vascular tunic (Uvea) 3. The sensory tunic (Retina) |
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Two components of the fibrous tunic
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Sclera (hard or tough) & Cornea (transparent)
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Vascularity in Cornea
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None
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Vascular tunic or uvea contains
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choroid coat & ciliary body(anterior portion)
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Ciliary body contains
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ciliary muscles- attach to the lens, ciliary processes
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Iris
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The colored portion of the eye composed of smooth muscle fibers
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Pupil
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The opening of the iris or the "hole" itself
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Amphetamines and their affect on the pupil
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pupil dilator, make someone appear more interesting and or more beautiful
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The sensory tunic- The Retina's many layers
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Pigmented layer
Transparent layer containing photoreceptor cells |
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Photoreceptor cells
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Rods- most numerous and allows for vision in dim light and peripheral vision.
Cones- Allows for color vision (several types) |
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Special features of the retina
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Optic disc or blind spot
Macula lutea or yellow spot fovea centralis- thinned retinal nervous layer |
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cavities of the eye ball-
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Anterior segment- contains two chambers filled with aqueous humor
Posterior segment contains vitreous humor |
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Vitreous humor
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transmits light
supports the posterior surface of the lens helps hold the neuroretina against the pigmented layer contributes to the structural integrity of the eye ball |
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Lens
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avascular, extremely transparent, contains some special proteins called crystallins that are especially translucent proteins
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Visual pigments are molecules that change shape when they are exposed to light.
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TRUE
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Rhodopsin
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a lack of vitamin A can cause a shortage which leads to loss of vision
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Retinal
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derived from vitamin A and is bound to a protein called opsin to form rhodopsin
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Retinal molecule and opsin protein bind to form
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Rhodopsin
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Audition
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hearing
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External or Outer ear
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Pinna or Auricle
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External auditory canal
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also called the meatus, contain wax glands, and tympanic membrane
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Tympanic membrane
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Ear drum
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Middle Ear
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3 tiny bones, malleus(hammer) incus(anvil) and stapes(stirrup)
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Malleus
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connects to ear drum
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Eustachian Tube of middle ear
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a.k.a- pharyngotympanic tube which connects to the nasopharynx
used for equalizing air pressure middle ear is filled with air |
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Muscles of the middle ear
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tensor tympans muscle and stapedius muscles
prevent loud sounds from damaging the hearing receptors |
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Inner Ear
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Osseous Lybyrinth is filled with perilymph & contains membranous labyrinth which in turn contains a liquid called the endolymph
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Membranous labyrinth
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is a complex array of tubes and sacs filled with endolymph. a portion of the tubes is named the semicircular canals(3) of them.
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another portion of the Membranous Labyrinth
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called the Vestibule which contains the saccule and utricle.
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Vestibular apparatus
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contains the 3 semicircular canals and the vestibule.
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All functions of the inner ear help maintain Equilibrium
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TRUE
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coiled tube
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cochlea, and inside of the cochlear duct there is the organ of corti.
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Organ of Corti is the organ of hearing
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TRUE
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What do vestibular apparatus and cochlea have in common?
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Both have specialized hair cells that have small microvilli called stereocilia. function when vibration is in environment.
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Stereocilia cause an action potential to be generated and ultimately transmitted to the brain via VIII cranial nerve
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TRUE
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Otoliths
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Calcium carbonate crystals that move according to the dictates of gravity and stimulate the hair cells.
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Where are Otoliths found
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specialized spots on the macula and are found on the floor of the utricle and saccule.
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