Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
this contains 40% of the bones in the body |
axial skeleton |
|
|
What are the three functions of sinuses? |
They lessen the weight of the bone. The mucous membrane moistens and cleans air, They serve as resonating chambers in speech production.
|
|
|
The immovable skull joints that connect between the skull bones of adults. |
sutures |
|
|
This suture arches across the posterior surface of the skull. It connects the occipital bone with the two parietal bones. |
lambdoid |
|
|
This suture attaches the frontal bone to the pariental bones on either side |
coronal |
|
|
What bones make up the calvaria |
occipital, parietal, and frontal |
|
|
this suture joints the temporal bone and the parietal bone |
squamous |
|
|
vertebral arch has walls, called _____ and a roof formed by flat layers called _______ |
pedicles, laminae |
|
|
their primary curves develop before birth, and the secondary curve develops after birth. |
spinal curves |
|
|
a secondary curve, develops as the infant learns to balance the weight of their head on the vertebrae of the neck. |
cervical curve |
|
|
develops with the ability to stand |
lumbar curve |
|
|
known as the "round back appearance" |
kyphosis |
|
|
anterior exaggeration of the lumbar curvature
|
lordosis |
|
|
an abnormal lateral curvature in the spine in one or more of the movable vertebrae. |
scoliosis |
|
|
articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull |
atlas |
|
|
articulates with head of the ribs |
costal facets |
|
|
consists of the fused components of five sacial vertebrae. These vertebrae begin fusing shortly after puberty. They are completely fused at age 25-30. |
sacrum |
|
|
This vertebrae withstands the most weight. |
lumbar |
|
|
articulates with the clavicles and the cartilages of the first pair of ribs. |
manubrium |
|
|
develop from improper tracking of the patella across the patellar surface. In this syndrome, the patella is forced outside its normal track so that it shifts laterally. |
Runner's knee |
|
|
connects cranial and spinal cavities |
foramen magnum |
|
|
three tiny bones in the tympanic cavity (middle ear). They transfer sound from the tympanic membrane (ear drum) to the inner ear. |
auditory ossicles |
|
|
areas of fibrous CT; they cover unfused sutures in the infant skull. This allows the skull to flex during birth. |
fontanelles |
|
|
What are the two methods to divide the joints. |
ROM and structure |
|
|
The frontal suture of the frontal bone. The fusion of an infant's left and right mandibular bones, and the epiphyseal lines of mature long bones. These are examples of what type of joints. |
synarthrosis |
|
|
What are the structures of synarthrois joints (4) |
fibrous, cartilaginous, bony, or synovial |
|
|
binds the teeth to bony sockets in the maxillae and mandible. The fibrous connection between a tooth and its socket is a periodontal ligament.
|
gomphosis |
|
|
a rigid, cartilaginous bridge between two articulating bones. An example would be epiphyseal cartilage that connects the diaphysis to the epiphysis in a growing long bone. |
sychondrosis |
|
|
the bony edges are quite close together and may even interlock. These extremely strong joints are located where movement between the bones must be prevented. |
synarthrosis |
|
|
much stronger than a freely movable joint. The articulating bones are connected by cartilage of collagen fibers. |
amphiarthrosis |
|
|
free movement joints (monoaxial, biaxial, triaxial) |
diarthois |
|
|
An example of an amphiarthrois is a ______. Where bones are connected by a ligament. |
sydesmosis |
|
|
An example of an amphiarthrois is a ____. Where bones are connected by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage. |
symphysis |
|
|
permit a wider range of motion than other types of joints. Typically located at the ends of long bones. |
synovial joints. |
|
|
These are smooth surfaces lubricated by synovial fluid to reduce friction, preventing the bones from touching. |
articular cartilage. |
|
|
synovial joints cannot function normally if the _____ is damaged. |
articular cartilage |
|
|
What are the functions of synovial fluid (3) |
lubrication, nutrient distribution, shock absorption. |
|
|
is a pad of fibrocartilage located between opposing bones within a synovial joint. |
meniscus |
|
|
ligament is stretched so much that some of the collagen fibers are torn, but the ligament as a whole survives and the joint is not damaged. |
sprain |
|
|
True or False. A bone heals much more quickly and effectly than a torn ligament. |
True |
|
|
small thin, fluid- filled pockets in CT. They contain synovial fluid and are lined by a synovial membrane. |
bursae |
|
|
people who are double jointed are more likely to suffer from _____ |
subluxation |
|
|
Where are some areas that gliding can occur. |
between tarsal bones, the surfaces of articulating carpal bones, and between the clavicles and sternum. |
|
|
this is movement of synovial joints. It rotates the forearm. An example is the radius over the ulna. |
pronation |
|
|
this movement brings the forearm back to anatomical position. |
supination. |
|
|
C2- L5 are known as ____ |
gliding joints. |
|
|
these joints have an oval articular face rested within a depression on the opposing surface. An example is the radius and ulna. |
condylar joints |
|
|
Is a type of joint where each face is concave along one axis and convex along the other. An example is the first metacarpal joint. |
saddle joint |
|
|
atlas and axis are examples of what type of joints |
pivot |
|
|
each vertebral disc has a tough outer layer of fibrocartilage the _____ |
anulus fibrosis |
|
|
The anulus fibrosis surrounds the ____ |
nucleus pulposus |
|
|
extends from the vertebra C7 to the base of the skull |
ligament nuchae
|
|
|
a buldge in the anulus fibrosus
|
slipped disc |
|
|
this is when the nucleus pulposus breaks through the anulus fibrous |
herniated disc |
|
|
a pain and stiffness of skeletal and muscular systems |
Rheumatism |
|
|
all forms of rheumatism that damage articular cartilages of synovial joints. |
arthritis |
|
|
Occurs when crystals form in synovial fluids due to metabolic disorders. |
Gout |
|
|
What are the knee joint's 7 major supporting ligament |
quadriceps fermoris, two pupliteal ligaments, ACL and PCL, MCL and LCL. |
|
|
responsible for extending the knee passes over the anterior surface of the joint. |
quadriceps femoris |
|
|
these extend between the femur and the heads of the tibia and fibula. These ligaments reinforce the knee joints posterior surface. |
Two popliteal ligaments |
|
|
limit the anterior and posterior movement of the tibia and maintain the aligment of the femoral and tibial condyles. |
ACL and PCL |
|
|
reinforces the medial surface of the knee joint |
MCL |
|
|
reinforces the lateral surface of the knee joint. These ligaments only tighten in full extension. |
LCL |
|
|
What are the three types of muscle tissue that our bodies contain. |
caradiac, smooth, and skeletal |
|
|
What are the six functions of skeletal muscles. |
The produce skeletal movement, maintain posture and body position, support soft tissues, guard body entrances and exits, maintain body temperature, and store nutrients. |
|
|
a skeletal muscle consists of fascicles enclosed by the ____ |
epimysium |
|
|
The fascicles are seperated by CT fibers of the ____ |
perimysium. |
|
|
within each bundle, each of the muscle fibers is surrounded by an _____ |
endomysium |
|
|
stem cells that help repair damaged muscle tissue |
myosatellite cells |
