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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How are basal body and centriole different?
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They are indistinguishable.
They have different names when in different location of cell. 1. Centriole near nucleus (9 triplets of microtubules). No doublet in center 2. Basal Body near surface of cell (9 doublets of microtubules) bunched into flagellum and cilia. |
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How many microtubules in basal bodies vs flagella and cilia?
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Basal body is anchoring point, no individual membrane. Basal bodies consist of 9 triplets and 0 central microtubules
Cilia and flagella have 9 doublets and 2 central microtubules |
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Subunits of ribosomes
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1 small subunit, 1 large subunit
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Peptidoglycan AKA Murein
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is cell wall consisting of sugars and amino acids, forming a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of prokaryotic cells (bacteria only)
is one big molecule |
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Major difference between Eukaryotic Cells and Prokaryotic Cells?
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In eukaryotic cell, most of the DNA is in the double membrance bound nucleus.
In prokaryotic cell, the DNA is concentrated in a region that has no membrane, called nucleoid. |
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Thylakoid
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membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts, where light reacts in photosynthesis
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In eukaryotic cells
Plant vs animal cells (organelles)? |
Plastids (chloroplast), cell walls, and vacuoles are present only in plant cells
Lysosomes, Centrosomes, and Flagella are only found in animal cells (except plant sperm) |
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Plastid
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Plastids are found in cells of photosynthetic eukaryotes.
One of a family of closely related organelles that includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts. Are the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds used by the cell |
One of a family of closely related organelles that includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts.
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Light Microscope
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An optical instrument with lenses that refract (bend) visible light to magnify images of specimens.
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Electron Microscope
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A microscope that uses magnets to focus an electron through a specimen, resulting in a resolution 100x that of a light microscope.
A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of cells. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the fine details of cell surfaces. |
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Resolution
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Term related to microscopes to describe the minimum distance two objects are apart before they become indistinguishable
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Alosteric Enzyme
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Switches enzyme on or off by binding to allosteric site
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How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells reproduce differently?
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Prokaryotic replicate by mitosis.
Eukaryotic replicate by myosis which produces sex cells. |
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3 factors that affect enzyme reactivity?
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1. pH
2. Temperature 3. Inhibitors |
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2 types of enzyme inhibitors?
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Competitive and noncompetitive.
Competitive are less permanent |
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ATP + H20 =
(exergonic reaction) |
= ADP + Pi + (energy x)
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1 difference of membranes in plant vs animal cells?
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Animal membranes contain cholesterol.
Plant cells do not, though they do have steroids. |
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What are 2 reasons cells like to stay small?
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Cells like to maintain a large SA/V ratio.
Sometimes because of nuclear control |
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Plasmodial Slime Mold
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Has 1000's of nuclei.
Long, flat, and made of protoplasm High rate of metabolism High SA/V ratio |
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Give an example of enzyme inhibition that is not detrimental to the functioning of a cell.
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Negative Feedback inhibition
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Allosteric enzymes are controlled by noncompetitive inhibitors, often the end products of the biochemical pathways. If the enzymes are inactivated, the pathways are turned off
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