Bio 210 Exam 2 - Identify Cell Parts

Front 1

A?

Back 1

Flagellum

Hint 1

Motility structure present in some animal cells, composed of a cluster of microtubules within an extension of the plasma membrane

Front 2

B?

Back 2

Centrosome

Hint 2

region where the cell's microtubules are initiated; contains a pair of centrioles.

Front 3

C?

Back 3

Microfilaments

Hint 3

Two intertwined strands of protein.

Function: Maintenance of cell shape (cytoskeleton). Changes in cell shape. Muscle contraction. Cytoplasmic streaming (cyclosis). Cell motility (amoeboid movement). Formation of cleavage furrow during cell division.

Front 4

D?

Back 4

Intermediate Filaments

Hint 4

Structure: Fibrous proteins (such as keratin) supercoiled into cables

Function:

Maintenance of cell shape (cytoskeleton). Anchorage of nucleus and other organelles. Nuclear lamin type forms meshwork that stabilizes inner membrane of nuclear envelope

Front 5

E?

Back 5

Microtubules

Hint 5

Function: Maintenance of cell shape (cytoskeleton). Cell motility (major component of cilia and flagella). Chromosome movement in cell division. Organelle movements.

Front 6

F?

Back 6

Microvilli

Hint 6

Structure: Cylindrical projection. Long and skinny. High SA/V ratio Functions: Increase the cell's surface area

Front 7

G?

Back 7

Peroxisome

Hint 7

Function: Both produce and destroy H2O2

Peroxisome: Breaks down fatty acids into smaller molecules that are used as fuel for cellular respiration; detoxify alcohol and other drugs
Glyoxysomes: Converts fatty acids to sugars Single-membrane-bound spherical sac with no internal structure May contain a large crystal

Front 8

H?

Back 8

Mitochondria

Hint 8

Performs Cellular Respiration*

Enclosed by 2 membranes: Outer membrane smooth, inner membrane folded into cristae Inner membrane encloses the matrix that contains ribosomes and DNA

Front 9

I?

Back 9

Lysosome

Hint 9

Function: Digest macromolecules used for food or help defend the body by digesting potentially dangerous bacteria. Recycle cell’s own organic material

Structure: Membrane-enclosed sac of hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes Internal pH of 5

Front 10

J?

Back 10

Golgi Apparatus

Hint 10

Function: Modified, stored, and packaged for other destinations. Manufactures some polysaccharides

Important in the processing of proteins for secretion.

Structure: Stack of flattened membranous sacs (cisternae) Has distinct polarity with receiving and shipping ends

Front 11

K?

Back 11

Ribosomes

Hint 11

Function: Site of protein synthesis

Structure: Composed of 2 subunits, one large, one small Each subunit is an aggregation of proteins and rRNA

Front 12

L?

Back 12

Plasma Membrane

Front 13

M?

Back 13

Nucleus

Hint 13

Function: Stores genetics information Controls protein synthesis, which occurs in the cytoplasm

Structure: Enclosed by 2 membranes called the nuclear envelope Pores in the nuclear envelope Contains DNA in chromosomes Contains the nucleolus

Front 14

M1?

Back 14

Nucleolus

Hint 14

Function: Synthesis of rRNA rRNA and proteins assembled into ribosomal subunits (large and small)

Structure: Roughly spherical Mass of densely stained granules and fibers adjoining parts of the chromatin

Front 15

M2?

Back 15

Chromatin

Hint 15

Function: The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes.

Structure: When the cell is not dividing, this exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.

Front 16

M3?

Back 16

Nuclear Envelope

Hint 16

Function: Regulates traffic with the cytoplasm.

Structure: In a eukaryotic cell, the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, perforated with pores. The outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

Front 17

N?

Back 17

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Hint 17

An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.

Front 18

N1?

Back 18

Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Hint 18

Structure: Network of membranous sacs called cisternae; ribosomes attached to the cytoplasmic surface of the membranes.

Function: Synthesis of proteins that are secreted from the cell Membrane factory

Front 19

O? 3 Answers

Back 19

1. Lysosomes 2. Centrosomes, with centrioles 3. Flagella (but present in some plant sperm)

Front 20

N2?

Back 20

Smooth ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Hint 20

Function: Synthesis of lipids, such as oils, phospholipids and steroids Carbohydrate metabolism Detoxification of drugs

Structure: Network of membranous tubules Membrane lack ribosomes

Front 21

A?

Back 21

Nucleus

Hint 21

Function: Stores genetics information Controls protein synthesis, which occurs in the cytoplasm

Structure: Enclosed by 2 membranes called the nuclear envelope Pores in the nuclear envelope Contains DNA in chromosomes Contains the nucleolus

Front 22

A1?

Back 22

Nuclear Envelope

Hint 22

Function: Regulates traffic with the cytoplasm.

Structure: In a eukaryotic cell, the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, perforated with pores. The outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

Front 23

A2?

Back 23

Nucleolus

Hint 23

Function: Synthesis of rRNA rRNA and proteins assembled into ribosomal subunits (large and small)

Structure: Roughly spherical Mass of densely stained granules and fibers adjoining parts of the chromatin

Front 24

A3?

Back 24

Chromatin

Hint 24

Function: The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes.

Structure: When the cell is not dividing, this exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.

Front 25

C?

Back 25

Golgi Apparatus

Hint 25

Function: Processes and packages proteins after their synthesis and before they make their way to their destination

Manufactures some polysaccharides and attaches them to a protein synthesized in ER to form proteoglycans.

Structure: Stack of flattened membranous sacs (cisternae) Has distinct polarity with receiving and shipping ends

Front 26

D?

Back 26

Mitochondrion

Hint 26

Function: Site of cellular respiration

Structure: Enclosed by 2 membranes: Outer membrane smooth, inner membrane folded into cristae Inner membrane encloses the matrix that contains ribosomes and DNA

Front 27

E?

Back 27

Peroxisome

Hint 27

Function: Both produce and destroy H2O2 Peroxisome: Breaks down fatty acids into smaller molecules that are used as fuel for cellular respiration; detoxify alcohol and other drugs Glyoxysomes: Converts fatty acids to sugars

Single-membrane-bound spherical sac with no internal structure May contain a large crystal

Front 28

F?

Back 28

Plasma Membrane

Hint 28

The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell’s chemical composition.

Front 29

G?

Back 29

Cell Wall

Hint 29

A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists. Polysaccharides such as cellulose (in plants andsome protists), chitin (in fungi), and peptidoglycan (in bacteria) are important structural components of cell walls.

Front 30

H?

Back 30

Wall of adjacent cell

Front 31

I?

Back 31

Plasmodesmata

Hint 31

Structure: An open channel through the cell wall that connects the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells, allowing water, small solutes, and some larger molecules to pass between the cells.

Front 32

J?

Back 32

Chloroplast

Hint 32

Function: Site of photosynthesis

Structure: Enclosed by 2 membranes Third membrane system of flattened sacs called thylakoids stacked in grana Fluid surrounding grana called stroma which contains ribosomes and DNA Grana and thylakoids contain chlorophyll

Front 33

K?

Back 33

Cytoskeleton

Hint 33

Built up of microfilaments??? .....more info

Front 34

K1?

Back 34

Microfilaments

Hint 34

Structure: 2 intertwined strands of the protein actin

Function: Maintenance of cell shape (cytoskeleton). Changes in cell shape. Muscle contraction. Cytoplasmic streaming (cyclosis). Cell motility (amoeboid movement). Formation of cleavage furrow during cell division.

Front 35

K2?

Back 35

Intermediate Filaments

Hint 35

Structure: Fibrous proteins (such as keratin) supercoiled into cables

Function:

Maintenance of cell shape (cytoskeleton). Anchorage of nucleus and other organelles. Nuclear lamin type forms meshwork that stabilizes inner membrane of nuclear envelope

Front 36

K3?

Back 36

Microtubules

Hint 36

Structure: Hollow tubes composed of the protein tubulin

Function: Maintenance of cell shape (cytoskeleton). Cell motility (major component of cilia and flagella). Chromosome movement in cell division. Organelle movements.

Front 37

L?

Back 37

Central Vacuole

Hint 37

Structure: In a mature plant cell, a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth, storage, and sequestration of toxic substances.

Front 38

M?

Back 38

Ribosomes

Hint 38

Function: Site of protein synthesis

Structure: Composed of 2 subunits, one large, one small Each subunit is an aggregation of proteins and rRNA

Front 39

N?

Back 39

Smooth ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Hint 39

Function: Synthesis of lipids, such as oils, phospholipids and steroids Carbohydrate metabolism Detoxification of drugs

Structure: Network of membranous tubules Membrane lack ribosomes

Front 40

O?

Back 40

Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Hint 40

Structure: Network of membranous sacs called cisternae; ribosomes attached to the cytoplasmic surface of the membranes.

Function:
Synthesis of proteins that are secreted from the cell
Membrane factory

Front 41

P? 4 answers

Back 41

1. Chloroplasts
2. Central Vacuole
3. Cell Wall
4. Plasmodesmata