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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleic Acid |
Polymers specialized for th storage, transmission, and use of genetic information |
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Nucleotides |
Nucleic acids are polymers composed of these monomers Consist of 3 components: a nitrogen-containing base, a pentose sugar, and 1-3 phosphate groups |
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Nucleosides |
molecules consisting of pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base, but no phosphate group |
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Pyrimidine |
A six-membered single-ring structure that is 1 of 2 forms of the bases of the nucleic acids |
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Purine |
A fused double-ring structure |
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Condensation |
same as dehydration reactions, having to do with loss of water results in the formation of covalent bonds |
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Oligonucleotides |
Relatively short, with about 20 nucleotide monomers includes RNA molecules that function as PRIMERS to BEGIN DNA duplication, regulate the expression of genes; and synthetic DNA molecules used for amplifying and analyzing he longer sequences |
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Polynucleotides |
*nucleic acids can be very long, longest polymers in the living world some DNA in humans contain hundreds of millions of nucleotides |
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DNA Replication |
Reproducing DNA exactly by polymerization using existing strands as base pair templates |
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Transcription |
The copying of DNA sequences into RNA |
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Translation |
After transcription; the nucleotide sequence in the RNA is used to specify a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain |
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Gene expression |
Transcription + Translation |
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Genome |
The complete set of DNA in a living organism |
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Genes |
The small sections of DNA that are transcribed int RNA (not all of the info in DNA is needed at all times and in all tissues) |
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Ribozymes |
These are catalytic RNAs Can speed up reactions involving their own nucleotides as well as other substances |
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Protocell |
Prebiotic, water-filled structures, defined by a lipid bilayer membrane Large molecules like DNA and RNA can pass through bilayer, but small nucleotides can Nucleic acids inside the protocells can replicate using nucleotides from outside ex: fatty acid molecules mixed with water for a cell like structure that do not allow water in because of the hydrophibic bilayer |
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Formation of Earth |
4.5 billion years ago |
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Stable Hydrosphere |
4.2 billion years ago |
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Prebiotic Chemistry |
4.2-4.0 billion years ago |
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Pre-RNA World |
4 billion years ago |
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RNA World |
3.8 billion years ago |
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First Cell |
3.5 billion years ago |
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RNA Polymerase |
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA from a DNA template |
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tRNA |
*transfer RNA A family of folded RNA molecules. Eaach tRNA carries a specific amino acid and anticodon that will pair with the complimentary condon in mRNA during translation |
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mRNA |
*messenger RNA Transcript of a region of the strands of DNA; carries info (as a sequence of condons) for the synthesis of one or more proteins |
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Ribosome |
A small particle in the cell that is the site of protein synthesis |
