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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a niche? |
Set of environmental conditions (Abiotic and Biotic) in which organisms can survive and reproduce. |
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Why is reproduction a key factor? |
Not considered niche, if you're unable to reproduce. Organisms can live outside its recommended environment, but unable to reproduce. Succeeded if you're able to spread genes Conditions must be met for reproduction |
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According to G.E. Hutchinson what is a niche? |
Niche is a multidimensional space (or a hypervolume) of environmental factors n'th dimension These environmental factors are almost endless |
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Fundamental Niche |
The full range of environmental tolerances of a species, under circumstances in which it is free from interference from other species Ignores competition Hutchinson's Hypervolume: all the factors |
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Realized Niche |
The range of environmental tolerances of a species including interactions with other organisms. Is the range of environmental components in which it actually lives This is due to competitions with other organisms |
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How does speciation occur? |
Over time competition increased, one group branched off its fundamental niche and used a different realized niche Instead of medium insects for food --> Shifted realized niche to eating small insects |
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What is resource partitioning? |
When different species in a community use limiting factors in different ways. They occur different realized niches Shifted realized niche |
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Does shifting niche only occur for food only? |
No, they can shift away from different spaces. Instead of trees and insects Move to ground and eat medium seeds only |
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Which one graph shows isolated species and living together? |
Top graph is isolated, no competition so they share the same type of resources. Size of realized niche increased --------------------------------------------------- The bottom graph is together, where competition occurs due to the same feeding ground Size of realized niche decreased, so they specialized into what they are good at |
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Define adaptive radiation |
Organisms evolve and diverge from ancestral species Each evolved form, fulfill a different niche that is available Occurs because to fulfill other niche and reduce competition with each other |
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Explain the inner box |
Outside the white box represents conditions where there is a chance to survive, fundamental niche Suitable for growth without competition but are often unsuitable with competition The reduced area is the realized niche |
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Does behavior cause competition? |
Behavior overlap of a species, they behave differently so they can avoid competition Overlap little as possible |
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Explain Niche Partitioning in behavior |
European Urban vs Rural birds Urban: More cautious to novel stimuli Rural: More curious about new stimuli |
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What is The Paradox of the Phytoplankton |
Realized niche overlapping one another Too many species to exist than they should Reason: - Aquatic ecosystem is more variable compared to terrestrial ones, which has more factors that cause change - Terrestrial less change, and more regular Competitive exclusion: Species beats out one another, but less likely in aquatic systems |
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What do organisms do to avoid competitive exclusion? |
Niche partitioning to reduce competition |
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Aquatic vs Terrestrial |
Aquatic - Always changing - Light availability - Temperature Gradient - Water Currents - Winds - Cooler and darker deeper - Warmer and brighter at the top Terrestrial - More stable - More regular - Fewer factors that cause changes |
