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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 functions of the lymphatic system
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-remove excess fluid from interstitial space
-remove blood proteins from interstitial space -transport products of fat digestion to the blood -highway for lymphocytes to enter circulation -defense (lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells) |
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major anatomical features of lymphatic system
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1) lymphatic capillaries- pores allow proteins and fluid in
2) lymphatics- have valves to promote one-way flow 3) lymphatic trunks- lymphatics drain into these 4) lymphatic ducts- left & right lymphatic ducts (left is major) empty into brachiocephalic veins 5) lymph nodes |
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2 important functions of a lymph node
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-remove foreign material from lymph before it can enter bloodstream
-site where cells of immune system function & proliferate |
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cells in a lymph node
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B-cells
T-cells macrophages dendritic cells |
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compare protein composition of lymph, interstitial fluid, and plasma
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most protein -- plasma
interstitial fluid & lymph about the same |
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2 ways lymph is made to flow in the lymphatics
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intrinsic lymphatic pump: smooth muscle in lymph vessels
extrinsic lymphatic pump: contraction of muscles, movements of body parts, arterial pulsations, respiration |
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describe the consequences of a blockage of the lymphatic vessels
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edema of tissues normally drained by the blocked lymphatics will occur
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list lymphoid tissues under correct classification (primary vs. secondary)
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primary- bone marrow, thymus
secondary- lymph nodes, MALT, GALT, spleen |
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Define GALT and MALT.
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GALT= gut-associated lymphoid tissue
MALT= mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue |
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list major lymph node groupings of the body & where they are found
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submandibular nodes
cervical nodes in neck axillary nodes in armpit inguinal nodes in groin thoracic cavity nodes supratrochlear nodes in arm abdominal cavity nodes pelvic cavity nodes |
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structure & function of thymus gland
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structure: two lobes; made mainly of lymphocytes
function: promote maturation of T-lymphocytes; provides immune tolerance through clonal deletion & clonal conversion |
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structure & function of spleen
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structure: largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body; made of red & white pulp; white pulp is true lymphoid tissue (spleen is not entirely lymphoid tissue)
functions: contains macrophages to clear the blood of pathogens and worn-out RBCs; lymphocytes multiply & function in it; reservoir for RBCs in animals (not humans) |
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4 chemicals that protect body from invaders at the surface
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lysozyme in saliva & tears
acid & proteolytic enzymes in stomach IgA on mucosa antimicrobial peptides (defensins) |
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4 factors that cause edema
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increased capillary pressure
decreased plasma osmotic pressure increased interstitial osmotic pressure blocked lymphatics |
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effect edema has on lymph flow, and the mechanism
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increases it; filaments anchored to lymphatic capillaries pull pores open when tissue becomes swelled
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accumulations of lymphocytes in submucosal regions (e.g. tonsils, Peyer's patches)
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MALT & GALT
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specialized epithelial cells associated with lymph nodules; "sample" pathogens
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microfold (M) cells
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innate immune system includes:
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mast cells
macrophages & dendritic cells neutrophils NK cells complement |
