Bio 203 Lecture 3

Front 1

Oparin's hypothesis

Back 1

4 billions years ago, lightning or UV radiation initiated synthesis of organic molecules in atmosphere; molecules collected in ocean

Front 2

thermal vent theory

Back 2

thermal vents in oceans may have been sites for organic molecule synthesis

Front 3

meteorite theory

Back 3

first organic molecules formed in outer space and came to earth on meteorites (which may have 30% organic molecules)

Front 4

RNA world hypothesis

Back 4

early life developed using RNA molecules, not proteins, to synthesize biological molecules

RNA-like molecules produced DNA and proteins; clay surfaces promoted development of complex molecules

Front 5

volcano theory

Back 5

carbonyl sulfide in volcanic gas can make peptides; could have formed first proteins

Front 6

bacteria evolved when?

Back 6

Archaean eon (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago)

Front 7

humans and chimps diverged from common ancestor when?

Back 7

6 to 9 million years ago

Front 8

95% of human body weight consists of which 4 elements?

Back 8

C, H, O, N

Front 9

rate of reaction depends on what?

Back 9

temperature, concentration of reactants, pH

Front 10

electrolyte

Back 10

dissociates into ions in water; conducts electricity

Front 11

4 Types of Organic Molecules

Back 11

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

Front 12

Carbohydrates (3 types)

Back 12

monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides

Front 13

Lipids (3 types)

Back 13

triglycerides
phospholipids
steroids

Front 14

monosaccharides (examples)

Back 14

glucose
fructose
galactose

Front 15

disaccharides (examples)

Back 15

sucrose (consists of a glucose & fructose)
lactose (consists of a glucose & galactose)

Front 16

polysaccharides (examples)

Back 16

glycogen- chain of glucose molecules
ordinary plant starch

Front 17

triglycerides

Back 17

-burned to produce energy
-one glycerol & three fatty acids

Front 18

Phospholipids

Back 18

one glycerol, two fatty acids, one phosphate group

Front 19

steroids

Back 19

sex hormones and cholesterol
all have multiple-ring structure

Front 20

enzymes are what type of molecule?

Back 20

PROTEIN!

Front 21

structure of amino acid

Back 21

-NH2 group (amino group)
-COOH group (carboxyl group)
-a side chain

Front 22

what helps maintain shape of proteins?

Back 22

hydrogen bonds

Front 23

denaturation

Back 23

breakage of hydrogen bonds in proteins (caused by heat or improper pH)

Front 24

nucleic acids

Back 24

DNA and RNA, made up of chains of nucleotides

Front 25

nucleotide

Back 25

nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar (pentose), one or more phosphate groups

Front 26

ATP (type of molecule)

Back 26

that's right, it's a nucleotide

Front 27

basis for genetic disease

Back 27

mistake in sequence of a protein

Front 28

Magnesium sulfate

Back 28

MgSO4

Front 29

phosphoric acid

Back 29

H3PO4

Front 30

monosodium phosphate

Back 30

NaH2PO4

Front 31

disodium phosphate

Back 31

Na2HPO4

Front 32

trisodium phosphate

Back 32

Na3PO4

Front 33

ammonia

Back 33

NH3

Front 34

ammonium chloride

Back 34

NH4Cl

Front 35

carbonic acid

Back 35

H2CO3

Front 36

sulphuric acid

Back 36

H2SO4

Front 37

sodium bicarbonate

Back 37

NaHCO3

Front 38

calcium carbonate

Back 38

CaCO3

Front 39

sucrose

Back 39

C12H22O11

Front 40

urea

Back 40

CO(NH2)2

Front 41

4 types of chemical reactions

Back 41

synthesis
dissociation/decomposition
exchange
reversible

Front 42

inorganic substances in cells

Back 42

H2O
CO2
NaCl, KCl, MgCl, CaCl
sodium phosphate
sodium carbonate
sodium bicarbonate
magnesium sulfate