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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 most important needs of humans
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water, oxygen, food, warmth (both external & self-generated)
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homeostasis
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maintenance of the composition and properties of extracellular fluid, within narrow limits
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6 factors under homeostatic control
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temperature
oxygen level pH salinity glucose level metabolic waste product level |
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5 levels of organization in the body
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molecules/macromolecules
cells tissues organs organ systems |
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homeotic/hox gene
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special family of genes that determine what an adult will look like
-important role in development of an individual (esp. skeletal system) & evolution |
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major body cavities
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thoracic
abdonimopelvic cranial vertebral also: dorsal & ventral |
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Organs in thoracic cavity
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lungs, trachea, heart, esophagus, thymus
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Organs in abdominopelvic cavity
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Abdominal: stomach, liver, spleen, gall bladder, intestines
Pelvic: large intestine, reproductive organs, urinary bladder |
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Organs in dorsal cavity
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Cranial- brain
Ventral- spinal cord |
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Membranes associated with thoracic cavity
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pleural- lines thoracic cavity & covers lungs
pericardial- surrounds heart |
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Membrane associated with abdonimopelvic cavity
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peritoneal- lines abdominopelvic cavity and covers organs
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name major organ systems
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integumentary
skeletal muscular nervous endocrine digestive respiratory circulatory lymphatic urinary reproductive |
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Organ sys. that serves as body covering
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Integumentary
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Organ systems that serve to support, protect, and allow movement
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Skeletal & muscular
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Organ systems related to integration and coordination
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Nervous
Endocrine |
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Organ systems related to process and transport
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digestive
respiratory circulatory lymphatic urinary |
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Organ sys. that allows for reproduction
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reproductive (duh...)
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ipsilateral v. contralateral
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ipsilateral- same side
contralateral- opposide side |
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buccal
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referring to cheek
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cephalic
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referring to head
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cervical
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referring to neck
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costal
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referring to ribs
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pedal v. plantar
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pedal- foot
plantar- sole of foot |
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9 abdominal regions (list superior to inferior)
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r/l hypochondriac
r/l lumbar r/l iliac center: epigastric umbilical hypogastric |
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endoscopy
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surgery with micro-instruments and lasers; less invasive than traditional surgery
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X-ray
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determines nature & extent of bone fractures, detects tumors
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CAT
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also uses x-rays; detects blood clots & tumors
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PET
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detects isotopes & can determine metabolic activity in organs like the brain
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MRI
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differentiates between normal and damaged myelin nerve sheaths; can detect atherosclerosis and brain tumors; can assess damage to heart after heart attack
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fMRI
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same as MRI but can measure oxygen levels in brain
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Ultrasonography
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doppler ultrasound measures velocity of blood flow through heart and blood vessels
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Homeostasis uses what type of feedback?
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Negative feedback
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Small Head Cavities
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oral (teeth & tongue)
orbital (eyes) nasal middle ear |
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Location of Diaphragm
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between thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities
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Cavities within Thoracic cavity
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Pleural cavity (lungs)
Pericardial cavity (heart) Mediastinum (region consisting of pericardial cavity and directly above it) |
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Parietal membrane
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lines cavities
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Visceral membrane
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covers organs
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Most basic level of organization
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chemical
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Biopsy
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cut & look surgery
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