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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phylogenetic species concept
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the concept that defines species on the basis of their phylogenetic relationships
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Systematics
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the reconstruction and study of evolutionary relationships
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Phylogeny
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the evolutionary history of an organism and relationship among species; an evolutionary tree
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Clade
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species that share a common ancestor as indicated by the possession of shared derived characters
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Cladogram
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a diagram used to show the ancestral relations between organisms
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Systematics
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the reconstruction and study of evolutionary relationships
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Cladistics
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a taxonomic technique used for creating hierarchies of organisms that represent true phylogenetic relationship and decent
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Nomenclature
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naming of organisms
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Ancestral characteristic
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a modified character shared between two groups and present in their common ancestor(s) in an unmodified form
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Derived characteristic
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a characteristic used in taxonomic analysis representing a departure from the primitive form
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Polarize
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to determine whether particular character states are ancestral or derived
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Outgroup comparison
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used to assign character polarity
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Outgroup
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A species or group of species not a member of the group under study
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Molecular clock method
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in evolutionary theory, the method in which the rate of evolution of a molecule is constant through time
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Monophyletic group
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in phylogenetic classification, a group that includes the most recent common ancestor of the group and all of its descendants; example: a clade
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Paraphyletic group
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in phylogenetic classification, a group that includes the most recent common ancestor of the group, but not all of its descendants
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Homoplastic structures
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in cladistics, a shared character state that has not been inherited from a common ancestor exhibiting that state; may result from convergent evolution or evolutionary reversal; example: the wings of birds and bats
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