Bio 202 Ch 22 Vocab - Test One

Front 1

Sympatric speciation

Back 1

the differentiation of populations within a common geographic area into species

Front 2

Subspecies

Back 2

a geographically defined population or group of populations within a single species that has distinctive characteristics

Front 3

Biological species concept

Back 3

the concept that defines species as groups of populations that have the potential to interbreed and that are reproductively isolated from other groups

Front 4

Reproductive isolating mechanisms

Back 4

any barrier that prevents genetic exchange between species

Front 5

Prezygotic isolating mechanisms

Back 5

a type of reproductive isolation in which the formation of a zygote is prevented; these mechanisms may range from physical separation in different habitats to gametic in which gametes are incapable of fusing

Front 6

Postzygotic isolating mechanisms

Back 6

a type of reproductive isolation in which zygotes are produced but are unable to develop into reproducing adults; these mechanisms may range from inviability of zygotes or embryos to adults that are sterile

Front 7

Reinforcement of isolating mechanims

Back 7

in speciation, the process by which partial reproductive isolation between populations is increased by selection against mating between members of the two populations, eventually resulting in complete reproductive isolation

Front 8

Allopatric speciation

Back 8

the differentiation of geographically isolated populations into distinct species

Front 9

Cladogenesis

Back 9

the splitting of one ancestral species into two descendant species

Front 10

Reproductively isolated

Back 10

populations whose members do not mate with each other or who cannot produce fertile offspring

Front 11

Adaptive radiations

Back 11

closely related species that have recently evolved from a common ancestor by adapting to different parts of the environment

Front 12

Key innovation

Back 12

evolves within a species allowing it to use resources or other aspects of the environment that were previously inaccessible

Front 13

Character displacement

Back 13

natural selection in each species favors those individuals that use resources not used by the other species

Front 14

Punctuated equilibrium

Back 14

long periods of stasis followed by rapid change

Front 15

Population

Back 15

any group of individuals, usually of a single species, occupying a given area at the same time

Front 16

Temporal isolation

Back 16

species reproduce in different seasons or at different times of the day

Front 17

Mechanical isolation

Back 17

structural differences between species prevent mating

Front 18

Prevention of gamete fusion

Back 18

gametes of one species functions poorly with the gametes of another species or within the reproductive tract of another species

Front 19

Allopatric species

Back 19

Species that live in different geographic areas. For example, common chimpanzees and bonobos

Front 20

Sympatric species

Back 20

different species that live in the same area but are prevented from successfully reproducing by a reproductive isolating mechanism