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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What stimulated the 2008 Food Crisis?
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Structural increase in food demand for growing and MORE AFFLUENT POPULATIONS IN DEVELOPING COUNTIRES. and short term market failures. increased energy costs.
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What is the relationship between biofuels and agricultural production?
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Algae-more efficient then corn for bio fuels . Cause of higher food prices due to land use for fuel production
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How does CO2 storage potentail of land compare to that of water?
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Land is 1/4 of earths surface and holds 3 times as much carbon as the atmosphere. Trillions and trillions of carbon are stored deep under the surface.
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Describe small changes in agricultural practives that can have a big effect on the climate
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growing plants can remove huge amounts of carbon from the atmosphere
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Areas of the world like to see improvements in agricultural production due to climate change
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E. Africa: Rains become more reliable
Canada Russia:Growing season will extend as temp rise |
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Spruce Budworm & Warbler provides of range change in N. American Forests
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climate change is shifting the geographic ranges of the warblers that feed on the budworms = increasing chance of budworm outbreak
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5 strategies for improving the productivity of our agricultural landscape
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1.Enriching Soil Carbon
3rd largest carbon pool on planet |
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Does organic farming really make a difference?
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Yes. enhance soil nutrients through organic methods. Huge amounts of CO2 could be sequestered
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Why is nitrous oxide potentially more dangerous that additional CO2 as a GHG
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Nitrous oxide has about 300 times the warming capacity of carbon dioxide.
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When decomposing which organic materials release more CO2
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Buried: When turned upside down anaerobic microbes are exposed to oxygen and aerobic microbes are suffocated by being worked under; this exposes non livng organic matter to oxygen releasing CO2.
Reducing tillage will reduce carbon emissions |
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Perennial Crops
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increase them. carbon is obsorbed and stored in the biomass of roots, trunks and branches while crops are being produced.
shifting from annual to perennial grains reduces soil erosion and GHG emissions. |
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AgoForestry
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protective trees planted in and around crop fields and pastures. provide wind protection, ecosystem services-habitat for wild pollinators. Store carbon, improving the carbon content of the ag
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Cash Crops
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Cash crops grown under a canopy of frees. Something you grow that you cant eat- sold.
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How does meat consumption impact GHG production?
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Livestock produce large amounts of methane, nitrous oxcide, carbon.
50% of emmissions from agrigultureal and land use change. Cow/calf pair more emissions than driving 80,000 miles in a mid size car |
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Rotational Grazing
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Graze is one portion of a pasture. The rotation lets the plants recover and rest. greatly reduces GHG and increases productivity
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Biogas Digester
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Temp. Controlled air tight vessel. Microbial action breaks it down to methane or biogas and low odor, nutrient slude. Can be burned for heat or electricity, sludge can be used as a fertilizer.
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Domino Effect
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trees intact roots hold together allow for storage of carbon materials, stir up carbons increase in co2 increase severity of storms
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Incentives can be used to provide stakeholder incentive for conservation
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Raise economic value of standing forests by improving markets for sustainably harvested, high value products.
Compensating developing countries for leaving their forrests intact product certification secure local tenure rights to communal forests. |
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What are social controls in agricultural production
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voice: who has land, ownership of land is pretty confused
displacement/caste system: no interaction you can grow stuff but no one else can use it |
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Gray Water
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Wast Water
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Blue Water
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Water in streams and lake
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Green Water
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water stored in vegetation and filtering into soils.
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How might consumer awareness impact agricultural production
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once the realize their choice of meat and dairy can have as big of an impact as how far they drive their car
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What are some challenges to health associated with climate change
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rising temperatures can increase burden of malnutritio, diarreal illness, cardiorespetory diseases and infecton
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Specific examples for creating resilience to the challenges of climate change:
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more frequent & extreme events. ADAPTION
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What is the relationship between unequal distribution of wealth and the occurrence of natural disasters
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countires that profit from highlevels of green house gasare the ones least effect by climate change.
countries have made minimal contributions to the problem will be the most effected. |
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How do vulnerability and adaption affect resilience?
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Vulnerability is the basic condition that makes adaption and resilience necessary. Measure of the degree to a which a human or natural system is unable to cope with adverse effects.
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Adaption Strategies for Food Shortage
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5 villages in Kabias in Nepal. used
Small Livestock distibuation organic farming had positive influence on food production and income generation CROP RELOCATION |
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Water Inundation
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Cavit City, Philippines 2 tropical storms every years.
10% of pop is vulnerable to sea level rise Build Houses on Stilts Strengtheing or reinforcing physical structure of houses moving to safer places doing exterme weather events sandbags along shorelines taking up alternative income-generating activities locally or in other areas. |
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Exterme Weather
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Relocation
Improved Seawalls and storm barriers creation of wet lands as buffer against sea level rise and flooding |
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What are some environmental problems that may be associated with socioeconomic adaption
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overfishing, blast fishing, pollution of water around corals.
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What are specific factors associated with rural poverty that redue a groups ability to increase vulnerability to the effects of climate change
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isolated location, small farm size, low level of technology , narrow employment options unpredictable and uneven exposure to world markets.
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Natures indicators of a changing climate
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NE Tanzania Farmers use very specific indicators to predict the beggining of rains: increases in temperature; lightning; changeing behavioral patterns of birds, insects, mammals;
steady rainfall and wind strength, fauna and flora signals such as bee swarms and ripening of seeds. |
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How does protection of watersheds influence urban resilience
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filters toxins by using plants, provides buffer for storms,,
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Why have fossil fuels been the choice for energy for so long?
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Cheap and abundant
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Current state of replacement of fossil fuels with renewable sources of energy
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renewable will remain @ 13% between 2005-2030, however if polices come through, could raise to 17% and generate 29% of global electricy
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Current price for a ton of carbon
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50
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What strategy can be used to reduce demand and create low-demand as new buildings are built
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inslulating them properly, controlling unwanted air filtration, improving performance for speace and water heating
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Rebound Effect
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as efficiency improves, each energy is cheaper. consumers might use more energy or to spend savings on other goods that require energy.
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How is energy lost through T & D (transmission and Distribution )
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Local thermal power systems allow the capture and use of waste heat along with the production of electicity providing head to adjacent buildings
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Smart Grid
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Use information technology to manage supply and demand and is critial to the full potential of renewables and multiple distributed storage devices
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How are anaerobic digesters used to produce fuel?
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the decompose organic matter in the absense of oxygen. produce biogas used for cooking or transport fuel. fed primally with animal manure, provide cheap fuel while reducing pollution and diseases by untreated waste
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Algae growth being viewed as a potential source of fuel
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can conver 80% of the CO2 released from coal and natural gas fired power plants. can grow in polluted or salt water or nonarble land. requires little water. harvesting process=energy intensive. potential to provide addition energy .
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arguments against renewable energy sources
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it is too small scale and too dispersed to make more than a modest contribution
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advatages of modularity in construction in energy plant
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highly efficient. low unit cost cause of economies of scale. . made quickly in modules of 50-100 mw. installed within a year. . rapid installing means lower cost of borrowing.
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how can governments and other policy making agency stimulate a move to renewable energy
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Price on carbon that increases over time. revenue generated now be redirected to help individuals adjust to higher prices while adopting new policies.
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strategies need to address the needs of the poor in adopting to a renewable energy source
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trading in our poor energy resouces for large-scale domestic sources for rewenable energy. ex. solar power in sarha desert. wind power in china.
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Economy of Scale
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conventional fuel cost rises, renewables are rapidly being coming cost competitive. as environmentally friendly resources be come abundent, economy thrives.
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current renewable energy resources being explored
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smart technologies-automated control systems,digital sensors= real time pricing to save people money.
*renewable sources* biomas, geothermal, ocean thermal, hydopower. |
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how much global energy demand assocaited with heating and cooling
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40-50%
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What are advantages of CHP plants
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generate electricity. and capture remaining heat energy for use in industrie. convert about 75%-80%. 90% sometimes. reduce carbon by atleast 45%.
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Finding of 2005 U.S. Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory study
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examined 19 different technologie at various scales that can recover energy from waste heat, manure, food, industry, landfill gas, wastewater, steam and pipeline pressure. enough technical potential to profitable generate about 19% of the nations electricy in 2002
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