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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the first law of thermodynamics?
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Internal energy of a system is equal to original energy + energy added + energy lost (heat).
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What is the second law of thermodynamics
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Entropy ("disorder") increases every time something happens.
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________________ states that "The increase in the internal energy of a system is equal to the amount of energy added by heating the system, minus the amount lost as a result of the work done by the system on its surroundings."
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First law of thermodynamics.
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________________ states that "In a system, a process that occurs will tend to increase the total entropy of the universe."
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Second law of thermodynamics.
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Free energy is a measure of a system’s instability, its tendency to change to a ______ stable state
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more
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True or False: Free energy is a measure of a system’s stability, its tendency to change to a less stable state
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False. Free energy is a measure of a system’s instability, its tendency to change to a more stable state.
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During a spontaneous change, free energy __________ and the stability of a system ___________.
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decreases; increases
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During a ____________, free energy decreases and the stability of a system increases
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spontaneous change
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If a process is spontaneous and is performing work, is it moving toward or away from equilibrium?
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Toward. (it is becoming more stable)
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An __________ reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy and is spontaneous
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exergonic
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An ___________ reaction absorbs free energy from its surroundings and is nonspontaneous
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endergonic
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What does exergonic mean?
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An exergonic reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy and is spontaneous
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What does endergonic mean?
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An endergonic reaction absorbs free energy from its surroundings and is nonspontaneous
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What is ∆G?
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"delta G" is shorthand for "change in free energy"
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A ___________ begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product
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metabolic pathway
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The principles that govern energy resources in chemistry, physics, and engineering also apply to ______________, the study of how organisms manage their energy resources
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bioenergetics
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What is a closed system?
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A closed system is isolated from its surroundings.
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What is an open system?
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In an open system, energy and matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings
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True or False: because of external variables, the first and second laws of thermodynamics are not relevant in open systems.
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False. The 1st and 2nd laws are relevant in both open and closed systems.
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True or False: For our purposes, organisms are closed systems
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False. Organisms are open systems- they interact with their environment (chemically).
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True or False: For our purposes, organisms are open systems.
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True.
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_______________ is the study of energy transformations
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Thermodynamics
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