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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the types of Muscle Cells? |
Smooth, Cardiac, and Skeletal |
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Which muscle cells are usually refereed to as fibres? |
Skeletal Muscle Cells |
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What are the characteristics of Smooth muscle cells? |
Long and tapered, non-striated, one Nucleus, contract, involuntary, found in the walls of internal organs |
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What are the characteristics of Skeletal muscle cells? |
Are striated and tubular, have many nuclei, contract voluntary, usually attached to bones of skeleton. |
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What are the characteristics of Cardiac muscle cells? |
Striated, tubular, and branched; have one Nucleus, contract Involuntary, found in the walls of the heart. |
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What are Myofibrils? |
Majority of volume of muscle fibre "muscle threads" |
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What are Myofilaments? |
Responsible for muscle contractions |
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What are Actin Myofilaments? |
Two strands of proteins wrapped around each other |
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What are Myosin Myofilaments? |
Also two strands wrapped around each other, but 10x longer with a head |
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What is the Sliding Filament Model? |
The representation of how Actin/ Myosin contract for muscle movement |
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What is ATP? |
Adenosine Triphosphate - carries energy within cells |
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How is new ATP acquired? |
The breakdown of a molecule called Creatine Phosphate, Aerobic Cellular Respiration, and Fermentation |
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What is the Sarcolemma? |
Cell membrane that encloses each muscle cell = muscle fibre. Creates action potential |
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What is Sarcoplasm? |
The cytoplasm of a muscle cell or muscle fibre |
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What is Tropomyosin/Troponin? |
The duo that prevents/ permits contraction |
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What is the Sarcoplasmic reticulum? |
A storage organelle for resting muscles (calcium) |
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How many skeletal muscles are there? |
640 |
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Which muscle cells make up the majority? |
Skeletal Muscle Cells make up the vast majority of muscle tissue because they allow us to oppose the force of gravity and allow physical motor functions |
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From top to bottom, what is the hierarchy of the muscle structure? |
Muscle > Muscle-fibre bundle > Muscle-fibre > Myofibrils > Myofilaments |
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Is creatine phosphate breakdown aerobic or anaerobic? |
Anaerobic |
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When would fermentation begin? |
If ATP runs out and there is no oxygen for Aerobic Cellular Respiration |
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What is Atrophy? |
Reduction in the size, tone, and power of a muscle |
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What is Hypertrophy? |
Increase in the size of muscle fibres |
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What is a muscle twitch? |
A brief involuntary muscle contraction |
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What are slow-twitch fibres? |
Contract slowly but resist fatigue. Endurance fibres |
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Fast-twitch fibres |
For rapid generation of power. Adrenaline fibres |
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Which three periods can a muscle twitch be divided into? |
Latent period, Contraction period, and Relaxation period |
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Which fibres are aerobic and which are anaerobic? |
Slow-twitch fibres tend to be aerobic, and Fast-twitch fibres tend to be anaerobic |
