Bio 2: Midterm 2

Front 1

What is an Animal?

Back 1

-multicellular

- Heterotrophic, Eukaryotic organsim

- Cells lack cell wall, instead held together by structural proteins (collagen)

- nervous and muscle tissue

- most reproduce sexually with dominant diploid stage

Front 2

What are the four stages of development?

Back 2

1. zygote (cleavage)

2. Morula

3. Blastula

4. Gastrula

- Blastopore

-Archenteron

-Two layers of tissue: endoderm and ectoderm3

Front 3

Organization level: who has cellular level and who has tissue level?

Definition of Tissue level: group of cells working together to perform a function that are separated by membranous layers

Back 3

-Cellular level: Porifera (Sponges)

-Tissue level: all others

Front 4

Body symmetry: who has radial symmetry and who has bilateral symmetry?

Back 4

Radial symmetry: Cnidaria and Ctenophora

Bilateral symmetry: all others

Front 5

Body cavities: what are the three body cavities and who possess them?

Back 5

Acoelomate: Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Pseudocoelomates: Nematoda (roundworms)

Coelomate: all others

Front 6

Development: Protostomes

1. Who are protostomes

2. cleavage

3. Coelom Formation

4. Fate of Blastopore

Back 6

Protostomes include: Mollusca (calms, snails), Annelida (segmented worms), Arthropoda (crustaceans, insects)

-Cleavage: spiral and determinate

-Coelom Formation: schizocoelous

-Fate of Blastopore: mouth

Front 7

Development: Deuterostomes

1. who is included in deuterstomes

2. cleavage

3. coelom formation

4. fate of blastopore

Back 7

Deuterostomes: Echinodermata (seastars), Chordata (vertebrates)

-cleavage: radial and indeterminate

- coelom formation: Enterocoelous

-fate of blastopore: anus

Front 8

Segmentation: who segmented and soft/hard?

-Mollusca

-Annelida

-Arthropoda

-Chordata

Back 8

-Mollusca: soft and unsegmented

-Annelida: soft and segmented

-Arthopoda: hard and segmented

-Chordata: segmented

Front 9

Definition of tissues:

Back 9

Tissues: group of cells with a common structure and function separated by a membrane

Front 10

Tissue types: definition and name of cells

-epithelial

-connective

-nervous

-muscle

Back 10

-Epithelial (stratified squamous, simple columar): tightly packed cells used for lining.

-Connective (Bone, blood, and cartilage): cells scattered through an extracellular matrix.

-Nervous (neurons): transmits signals.

-Muscle (smooth, skeletal, cardiac): fibers for contration.

Front 11

name the larva?

know the structure:

Back 11

Trochophore larva

Front 12

name the larva?

Back 12

Lophophorate larvae

Front 13

know what Ecdysis is?

Back 13

Ecdysis: shedding outer cuticle

Front 14

Porifera are mostly marine, how many species are there? How many species are frreshwater?

Back 14

9000 species, 100 freshwater

Front 15

what type of symmetry do Porifera have?

Back 15

asymmetrical

Front 16

T/F: Porifera are sessile

Back 16

true

Front 17

T/F: Porifera are hermaphrodites

Back 17

true

Front 18

what is a "sleeze"?

Back 18

Porifera often live in groups called a sleeze

Front 19

name of the flagellated cells found in porifera?

Back 19

choanocyte

Front 20

Pseudopodia found in Porifera is called?

Back 20

Amoebocyte

Front 21

Poriferas' skeleton: what makes up their skeleton?

Back 21

spicules: calcium carbone or silica

spongin: protein

Front 22

Water movement in Asconoid?

where are the flagellated cells?

Back 22

Asconoid: flagllated spongocoel

-Ostia, spongocoel, osculum

Front 23

water movemenet in syconoid?

where are the flagellated cells?

Back 23

syconoid: flagellated radial canals

-ostia, incurrent canal, prosopyle, radial canal, apopyle, spongocoel, osculum

Front 24

water movement in leuconoid?

where are the flagellated cells?

Back 24

leuconoid: flagellated chambers

-ostia, incurrent canal, flagellated chamber, excurrent canal, osculum

Front 25

Class: Calcarea

1. skeleton made up of?

2. which body forms?

Back 25

Class: Calcarea

-calcium spicules

-asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid

Front 26

Class: Hexactinellidae

1. whats the skeleton made up of?

2. which body forms do they have?

Back 26

Class: Hexactinellidae

- silica spicules

- syconoid, and leuconoid

Front 27

Class: Demospongiae

1. what is the skeleton made up of?

2. what body forms does it have?

Back 27

Class: Demospongiae

-silica spicules and/or spongin

- leuconoid

Front 28

Phylum: Cnidaria

1. who is included?

2. symmetry?

3. tissue layers?

4. body forms?

5. name of cavity they have?

Back 28

Phylum: Cnidaria

- includes: hydras, jellies, sea anemones, and coral

- Diploblastic: endoderm and ectoderm

- Two body forms: polyp and medusa

- Gastrovascular cavity

Front 29

Cnidocytes:

1.whate are nematocyst?

2. what are Cnidocil?

Back 29

nemetocyst: thread with barbs

cnidocil: trigger

Front 30

Class: Hydrozoa

1. who does it include?

2. where do most of species live?

3. which body forms do they possess? which body form is colonial?

4. how do they reproduce asexually? sexually?

Back 30

Class: Hydrozoa

-portuguese man of war, hydra, obelia

-most species are marine

-most species have a polyp and medusa stage (polyp stage often colonial)

-Reproduction: asexual (budding), sexual (zygote and larvae-planula)

Front 31

Class: Scyphozoa

1. common name?

2. where do they live?

3. what happened to their polyp stage?

4. What does the medusa stage live?

Back 31

Class: Sycphozoa

-all are marine

-polyp stage reduced or absent

-medusa stage is free living

Front 32

Class: Anthozoa

1. where do they live?

2. which body form stage is dominant?

3. is there a medusa stage?

Back 32

Class: Anthozoa

-all are marine

-polyp stage dominant

-no medusa stage

Front 33

Class: Cubozoa

1. which jellies are included?

2. complex eye belong to which body form stage?

3. which species can kill 60 people?

Back 33

Class: Cubozoa

-box jellies

-complex eyes embedded in medusa stage

-sea wasp venom can kill 60 poeple

Front 34

Phlyum: Ctenophora

1. who is included?

2. what do their plates contain?

3. what are they known for?

4. what do their tentacles have?

5. what are colloblasts?

Back 34

Phylum: Ctenophora

-comb jellies

-contain plates with cilia

-largest animal to move with cilia

-tentacels with colloblasts (adhesive cells)

Front 35

phylum: Platyhelminthes

1. who does it include?

2. what type of body cavity?

3. what body cavity does it have instead?

4. level of organization?

5. tissue layers?

Back 35

Phylum: Platyhelminthes

-flatworms

-acoelomates

-gastrovascular cavity

-organ system level of organization

-triploblastic

Front 36

Class: Turbellaria

1. where do they live and what type of live style?

2. the concentration of sense organs at the anterior end of the body

3. type of cavity?

4. special ability?

Back 36

- free living and mostly marine

-cephalization

-gastrovascular cavity

-regeneration

Front 37

Class: Monogenea

1. what type of parasite?

Back 37

-fish parasite

Front 38

Class: Trematoda

1. what type of parasitic fluke?

2. how many hosts?

3. the female fits into what groove?

4. what type of dermatitis and how?

5. how many species?

Back 38

Class: Trematoda

-endoparastic flukes

-two hosts

-female fits into groove on male body

-swimmer's dermatitis: larvae enters skin (larvae in skin can't complete life cycle in humans)

-Two species: Schistosoma and Clonorchis

Front 39

Class: Trematoda- Schistosoma (blood fluke)

1. how does it enter the body?

2. what is the invert host?

3. where is it found?

4. symptoms?

Back 39

Class: Trematoda- Schistosoma (blood fluke)

-enters through skin and moves to intestine

-invert host is a snail

- Africa, South AMerica, West India

-symptoms: pain, anemia, and dysentery

Front 40

Class: Trematoda- Clonorchis (liver fluke)

1.how does it enter the body?

2. what is the invert host?

3. where is it found?

4.symptoms?

Back 40

Class: Trematoda-Clonorchis (liver fluke)

-enters by eating raw fish and moves to bile ducts

-invert host is a snail

-China, Aisa, Japan

-symptoms: Cirrhosis of the liver, death

Front 41

Class: Cestoidea

1. what type of parastic tapeworm?

2. what are the body parts?

3. The five species that belong is this class?

Back 41

Class: Cestoidea

-endoparastic tapeworms

-body parts: proglottids and scolex with hooks and suckers

-Five species: Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Diphyllobothrium latum, Dipylidium caninum, Echinococcus

Front 42

Class: Cestoidea-Taenia saginata

-Beef tapeworms (adult)

-undercooked beef containing cysticercus larvae

-definitive host: humans

-intermediate host: cattle

Back 42

Front 43

Class: Cestoidea- Taenia solium

-pork tapeworms (adult)

-undercooked pork containing cysticercus larvae

-definitive/ accidental intermediate host: humans

- intermediate host: pigs and humans

Back 43

Front 44

Class: Cestoidea- Diphyllobathrium latum

-fish tapeworm (adult)

-undercooked fish

-definitive host: humans

-1st intermediate host: copepod

-2nd intermediate host-fish

-3rd intermediate host: predatious fish

Back 44

Front 45

Class: cestoidea- Dipylidium canium

-dog tapeworm

-undercooked dog

Back 45

Front 46

class: cestoidea- Echinococcus

-unilocular hydatid (cyst)

-association with dogs and ruminants

Back 46

Front 47

Pseodocoelmates

-includes the phyla: Rotifera and Nematoda

-false cavity: store nutrients, movement, hydrostatic skeleton, and space for organ development

Back 47

Front 48

Phylum: rotifera

-mostly freshwater

-ring of cilia around mouth

- jaws with complete alimentary canal

- parthenogenesis

Back 48

Front 49

phyla: lophophorate

-ectoprocta (Bryozoans): colonial and moss-like

-Phoronids: marine tube worms

-Brachiopods: lamp shells

Back 49

Front 50

Phylum: Nemertea-Proboscis worms (ribbon)

-closed circulatory system

-complete digestive tract

Back 50

Front 51

Six species that belong to this phylum: Ancylostoma, enterobius, ascaris, trichinella, wuchereria, dracunuclus

Back 51

Front 52

Phylum: Nematoda

Back 52

Phylum: Nematoda

Front 53

Phylum: Nematoda

Back 53

Phylum: Nematoda

Front 54

Phylum: Nematoda

Back 54

Phylum: Nematoda

Front 55

Phylum: Nematoda

Back 55

Phylum: Nematoda

Front 56

Phylum: Nematoda

Back 56

Phylum: Nematoda

Front 57

Phylum: Nematoda

Back 57

Phylum: Nematoda

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4) radula

Front 60

class: Polyplacophora (chitons)

Back 60

4. radula

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torision

Front 63

radula

Back 63

Front 64

closed

Back 64

closed

Front 65

Class: Oligochaeta-earthworms

Back 65

no parapodia

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Front 67

1. Open circulatory systems

2. Closed circulatory systems

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Phlyum: Onychophora

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Subphlyum: Trilobita

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class: chilopoda (left)class: diplopoda (right)

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Deuterostomes

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Front 81

madreporite

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Notochord

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Front 90

1. Gill arches

2. Moving jaws

Back 90

1. Cartilage

2. Placoid

3. Liver

Front 91

1. Viviparity

2. Oviparity

3. Ovoviviparity

Back 91

Front 92

Operculum

Back 92