Bio 2 - Ch. 28

Front 1

A phylogeny is the

Back 1

evolutionary history of a group of organisms

Front 2

A phylogenetic tree is a

Back 2

graphical summary of a group of organisms evolutionary history

Front 3

The tree of life is the phylogenetic tree for

Back 3

all of the organisms on earth

Front 4

When creating a phylogenic tree data matrix create a character set of all your candidates, a character being

Back 4

any genetic, morphological, physiological, or behasvioral characeristic

Front 5

When creating a phylogenic tree use the data matrix to

Back 5

estimate a tree

Front 6

The cladistic approach to creating a phylogenic tree is the most common approach based on the idea that

Back 6

relationships among species can be reconstructed by identifying shared derived characters

Front 7

An outgroup is a species that

Back 7

is only losly related to the group being studied, but not part of it.

Front 8

An ancestral trait is a characteristic that

Back 8

existed in an ancestor

Front 9

A derived trait is a

Back 9

modified form of an ancestral trait

Front 10

A synapomorphy is a trait found in

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two or more taxa that is present in their most recent ancestor, but missing in more distant ones

Front 11

A monophyletic group is an evolutionary unit that includes

Back 11

an ancestral population and all of its descendants

Front 12

A paraphyletic group is an evolutionary unit that includes

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an ancestor but not all of it's decendants

Front 13

Parsimony is a principle that states

Back 13

the most likely explanation is the one that implies the least amount of change

Front 14

Homology occurs when traits are similar due to

Back 14

shared ancestry

Front 15

Homoplasy occurs the traits are similar due to

Back 15

reasons other than shared ancestry

Front 16

Convergent evolution occurs when natural selection favors

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similar solutions to the problems posed by a similar way of making a living in different species

Front 17

Adaptive radiation occurs when a

Back 17

single lineage rpidly produces many descendant species

Front 18

Two general mechanisms that trigger adaptive radiation are

Back 18

new resources and new ways to exploit resources

Front 19

Ecological opportunity is the

Back 19

availability of new or novel types of resources

Front 20

The cambrian explosion was the development of

Back 20

many species of animals containing features such as eyes nd skeletons

Front 21

Phylogenic trees consist of

Back 21

branches nodes and tips

Front 22

Branches in a phylogenic tree represents

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populations through time

Front 23

Nodes in a phylogenic tree occur where

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an ancestral group splits into two or more descendant groups

Front 24

Tips in a phylogenic tree are the tree's endpoints representing

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groups living today or dead-ends (extinction)

Front 25

A taxon is

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any named group of organisms (a species or grouping of species)

Front 26

Trees are read from

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root to tip and no species is higher or lower than the other