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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anything that occupies space and has mass |
matter |
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the amount of matter in an object |
mass |
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the simplest type of matter with unique chemical properties |
elements |
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smallest particle of an element that has the chemical characteristics of that element |
atoms |
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subatomic particle with a positive charge |
protons |
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subatomic particle with no charge |
neutron |
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subatomic particle with a negative charge |
electrons |
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most of an atoms mass, stores the protons and neutrons |
nucleus |
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region where an electron is most likely to be found around the nucleus |
electron cloud |
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the number of protons (or electrons) of an element |
atomic number |
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number of protons plus the number of neutrons of an element |
mass number |
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2 or more forms of the same element that have the same number of protons and electrons but different neutrons |
isotope |
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when outermost electrons are transferred or shared between atoms |
chemical bonding |
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atoms share one or more pairs of electrons create a molecule |
covalent bonding |
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positively charged ions |
cation |
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negatively charged ions |
anions |
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when electrons are shared equally between atoms |
nonpolar bond |
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when the electrons are not shared equally because one atom attracts stronger |
polar bonds |
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two or more atoms chemically combine to form a structure that behaves as an independent unit |
molecule |
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if the positively charged hydrogen of one molecule is attracted to the negatively charged nitrogen, oxygen, or fluoride of another molecule |
hydrogen bonds |
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a substance composed of two or more different types of atoms that are chemically combined |
compound |
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atoms, ions, molecules, or compounds interact to form or break chemical bonds |
chemical reaction |
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substance that enters into a chemical reaction |
reactants |
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substances that result from the chemical reaction |
products |
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reactions that produce molecules characteristic of life, such as ATP, proteins, carbs, lipids, and nucleic acids |
anabolism |
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reactions that break down |
catabolism |
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reactions that use water to break down |
hydrolysis |
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the capacity to move matter |
energy |
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the minimum energy that the reactants must have to start a chemical reaction |
activation energy |
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stored energy that could do work
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potential energy
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oppositely charged ions attract and remain close together causing this
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ionic bonding
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