Bio 2 2Nd Exam Review Chapter 33 And 34

Front 1

inverebrates

Back 1

animals that lack a vertebal column

Front 2

Sponge (porifera)

Back 2

-water enters through the ostia into the spongocoel and exist vis the osculum
-fertilization occurs in mesohyl
-adult sessile
-larvae free swimming

Front 3

consider: sponge (Poriferia)

Back 3

Poriferia and Cnidaria have similar body plans that include:
-gastrovascular cavity
-mesohyl
-mesoglea
-osculum:mouth/anus
-epithelial cells: epidermis

Front 4

choanocytes

Back 4

specialized flagellated cells in sponges whose beating drives water throught the body and whose collar extracts food from the water
(characteristics seen previously in choanoflagellates)

Front 5

consider: choanocytes

Back 5

sponges have free swimming larvea;
-sessile adults
-lack of specialized tissues and organs
-a lack of symmetry (may be radialin small pieces )

Front 6

open circulatory system vs a closed circulatory system

Back 6

the open circulatory system has a combination of boold vessels and large thin-walled sinuses
-closed circulatory system has only vessels

Front 7

hermaphrodite

Back 7

individual animal that can produce both sperm and eggs

Front 8

parthenogenesis

Back 8

reproduction by way of diploid females laying diploid eggs that hatch into diploid females.

Front 9

Cnidaria include

Back 9

include: are raidla symmetry and diploblastic
-jellyfish
-hydra
-sea anemone
-coral

Front 10

Cnidaria life cycles

Back 10

life cycles can include only polyps; polps and medusae; medusae and reduce polyp stage

Front 11

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Back 11

-are acoelomates
-are tripoblastic
-have an incomplete digestive system
-respire by diffusion of gases through the body wall

Front 12

consider Phylum Platyhelminthes

Back 12

some of these are parasites

Front 13

flukes

Back 13

are parasitic worms with larval stage living in snails

Front 14

tapeworms

Back 14

most live in vertebrates intestines

Front 15

rotifers

Back 15

- are bilaterally symmetrical
-have a corona as food gathering organ
-have a complete gut with mouth and anus
-undergo parthenogenesis
-most occur in fresh water

Front 16

Mollusca phylum includes

Back 16

-snails (land dwelling)
-clams
-oysters
-octopuses

Front 17

Mollusca structure

Back 17

-the mantle are the folds of tissue that arise from the dorsal body wall and enclose a cavity surrounding the visceral mass (modified mantle allows squids and octpuses to move)
-the lophophore functions as:
-a surface for gas
exchange
-location of the radula
-a rasping
-food collecting organ
-a means to attach to the
substrate
-location for the tentacles
and the anus

Front 18

consider Mollusca

Back 18

an animal that is attached to the substrate and cannot move is said to sessile

Front 19

nephridia

Back 19

structure that removes nitrogenous waste in mollusks

Front 20

open circulatory system

Back 20

the circulatory system of most molluskc is an open one.
that is the heart pumps vascular fluid (hemolymp) to the tissues through vessels, but there are no vessels in which the hemolymp returns to the heart
-instead the blood returns by moving through the space between the cells

Front 21

consider circulatory system

Back 21

the open circulatory system has a combination of blood vessels and large thin-walled sinuses whereas a closed cilculatory system has only vessels.

Front 22

annelid body contains

Back 22

contains:
-separate segments with septa partitions
-muscles to swim, crawl, and burrow
-ganglia to respond to light and respond to other environmental cues
-circulatory system
-excretory system
-nuetral elements in each segment
-setae (chitin bristles) in each segment

Front 23

hirudinea

Back 23

only class of annelids that contains parasitic blood suckers (leeches)

Front 24

cephalopods (some)

Back 24

-some are intelligent
-some have shells
-some are very large

Front 25

cephalopods (all)

Back 25

-all are predatory
-all have closed circulatory system.

Front 26

ecdysozoa

Back 26

-undergo ecdysis or molting
-possess cuticle for support and protection
-may undergo metamophosis during development

Front 27

where can segmentation be found?

Back 27

in Arthropoda, Annelida, Chordata

Front 28

what is segmentation?

Back 28

while the nerve cord, setae, circular muscles, and metanephridia all occur in a series of successive segments in the earthworm
-it only has one crop

Front 29

what are Anthropods?

Back 29

-they are coelomates
-undergo metamorphosis as they develop through stages from egg to adult
-ecdysis is the process of molting
-possess an exoskeleton
-ton
-trachea for oxygen diffusion into tissues

Front 30

Consider Anthropods

Back 30

-insects are the most successful class with the greatest number of species

Front 31

what is ecdysis

Back 31

ecdysis is the process of molting

Front 32

what does an exoskeleton provide?

Back 32

ton of protection against predators, imepeds water loss, acts as muscle attachment points

Front 33

Consider Anthropods

Back 33

jointed apppendages if the evolutionary innovation that first appeared in arthropods

Front 34

compound eyes

Back 34

composed of independent visual units called ommatidia

Front 35

complete metamorphosis

Back 35

change of a larval form of insect to a different adult form

Front 36

crustaceans

Back 36

have two pairs of antennae with antennal glands and maxillary glands
-deposit calcium carbonate on the exoskeleton and have internal fertilization

Front 37

Pharyngeal slits

Back 37

mostly disappear during human development, except one pair that forms Eustachian tubes in adults

Front 38

coccyx

Back 38

remnant of tail in humans

Front 39

chordate

Back 39

-animal with notochord
-dorsal hollow nerve cord
-pharyngeal slits
-post anal tail
(these traits occur at some point during development

Front 40

Where does a mosquito’s sense of smell come from? A) proboscis
B) legs
C) wings
D) antennae

Back 40

D) antennae

Front 41

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding this mosquito research?
A) The females are the only ones who actually bite in response to odors in the air.
B) They respond to elevated levels of carbon dioxide.
C) They only will bite when they are near death.
D) The males and females both bite when they are in their reproductive cycle.

Back 41

A) The females are the only ones who actually bite in response to odors in the air.

Front 42

What organism did the researchers insert the genes for smell from the mosquitoes into?
A) rats
B) moths
C) rabbits
D) fruit flies

Back 42

D) fruit flies

Front 43

What is 4-methylphenol? A) A new insecticide to kill mosquitoes.
B) A mosquito repellant.
C) A component of human sweat.
D) A new compound found to be made by mosquitoes to communicate to each other.

Back 43

C) A component of human sweat.

Front 44

What extended research is now underway because of this new understanding about mosquito attraction? A) New deodorant formulas that will cancel the odor producing chemicals that attract mosquitoes.
B) New compounds to target the odor receptor and disable it from detecting human sweat.
C) Compounds that excite the receptors could be used as mosquito traps.
D) Two of the above
E) All of the above

Back 44

D) Two of the above:
-New compounds to target the odor receptor and disable it from detecting human sweat.
-Compounds that excite the receptors could be used as mosquito traps