Bio 2 2Nd Exam Review Chapter 32

Front 1

animal characteristics are:

Back 1

-are heterotrphs
-are multicellular, without cell walls, and cells of all animals (except sponges) are organized into tissues
-most are able to move
-are very diverse in form and habit
-most reproduce sexually
-have a characteristic pattern of embryonic development (have HOX genes)

Front 2

consider: animal characteristics are

Back 2

consider traditional classification of animals was based on
-type of symmetry
-pattern of embryonic development
-presence or absence of a true body cavity
-presence or absence of certain types of tissues

Front 3

animals

Back 3

-eukaryotic cells appeared 2.5 BY ago
-bilateral invertabrates appeared 590 MY ago

Front 4

who are animal suggested ancestor?

Back 4

was choanoflagellates which are
-monophyletic
-thier cells lack rigid cell walls and are flexible
-they can move more rapidly and in more complex ways than members in thier eukaryotic knigdom.
-they develop from a zygote in a characteristic embryonic development.
-thier millions of species show great diversity in size:
-size
-form
-structure
-habitat

Front 5

consider: animals

Back 5

the best defining characteristic of animals os that the nature of thier small subunit rRNA gene sequences is different

Front 6

typical animal embryonic development

Back 6

follows path of zygote --> morula --> blastula --> gastrula

Front 7

germ layers

Back 7

embryonic layer that have different developmental potentials

Front 8

consider germ layers:

Back 8

consider:
-the endoderm forms the gut
-the ectoderm forms part of the nervous system and the epidermis
-the mesoderm forms muscles and most internal organs

Front 9

diploblastic animals

Back 9

have two germ layers:
endoderm and ectoderm

Front 10

triploblastic animals

Back 10

have three germ layers:
endoderm, mesoderm, and the ectoderm

Front 11

bilateria

Back 11

bilateria are characterized by a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around a vertical plane in the midline
-conifers anterior and posterior areas and allows for greater efficiency in movement for seeking food and mates;
symmetrical body plans first evolved in the phylum Cnidaria

Front 12

Radiata

Back 12

are characterized with radial symmetry;
symmetrical body plans first evolved in the phylum Cnidaria

Front 13

Parazoa

Back 13

lack symmetry and have no tissue or organs

Front 14

Eutmetazoa

Back 14

have symmetry and more thant one type of true tissues and organs

Front 15

cephalization

Back 15

concentration of sensory organs on the anterior end of the body

Front 16

chordate

Back 16

animal with notochord

Front 17

3 body plans for bilateral symmetrical animals

Back 17

-acoelomates have no body cavity
-coelomates have a fluid filled body cavity lined with mesodermal cells and develops entirely within the mesoderm
-pseudocoelomate animal has a body cavity (called psuedocoelom) located between endoderm (inner layer) and mesoderm (outer layer)

Front 18

dominant animal phlya on land

Back 18

mollusca, anthropoda (phyla with the greatest number of species), Chordata

Front 19

animal evolutionary transitions

Back 19

-radial to bilateral symmetry
-no body cavity to body cavity
-unsegmented to segmented bodies
-protostome to deuterostome development

Front 20

indeterminate cleavage

Back 20

allows development of a complete embryo from each of the cells harvested from an 8 cell embryo

Front 21

consider: indeterminate cleavage

Back 21

indeterminate cleavage is seen in deuterstomes whole protostomes have determinate cleavage.

Front 22

protostomes

Back 22

-undergo spiral cleavage
-animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore and the anus develops from the second opening

Front 23

dueterostome

Back 23

-evolved from protostomes
-tripllblastic
-dividing cells on the radius from the polar axis
-are bilateral symmetrical
-blastopore becomes anus and mouth develops later
-indetermenant development meaning any cell from the embryo (up to 8 cell embryo) can develop into a complete organism
-are coelomates with coelom produced by an invagination of archenteron

Front 24

coelom evolution

Back 24

-led to hydrostatic skeleton development
-that led to circulatory system solving problems of barrier to diffusion created by gut surrounded by tissue

Front 25

consider coelom evolution

Back 25

-coelomates are animals with true coelom.
-a true coelom is completely enclosed by the mesoderm whereas a pseudocoelom has an outer layer of mesoderm and an inner one of endoderm.
-An acoelomate is a animal with neither a coelom nor pseudocoelom, thereby lacking a body cavity

Front 26

Cnidaria

Back 26

-first marine animal phylum to evolve symmetrical body plans.
-wide spread in shallow and warm temperature waters
-gelatinous in compostion
-exist as polyps or medusae
-contain cnidocytes containing nematocytes

Front 27

consider: cnidaria

Back 27

-bilateral symmetry in animals include posterior and anterior body areas.
-greater efficiency in movement
-two mirror images in body plan
-greater efficiency in seeking food and mates

-acoelomates have no body cavity

-coelomates have a fluid filled cavity that develops entirely within the mesoderm

Front 28

The putative ancestor of animals was:
A. choanoflagellates
B. chytrids
C. gnetophytes
D. stramenopiles
E. euglenozoa

Back 28

A. choanoflagellates

Front 29

Which of the following was NOT a major morphological criterion on which traditional classification of
animals was based?
A. presence or absence of a true body cavity
B. type of symmetry
C. pattern of embryonic development
D. presence or absence of certain types of tissue
E. basic pattern of cell division

Back 29

E. basic pattern of cell division

Front 30

The comparison between Parazoa and Eumetazoa is best described by which of the following statements?
A. Parazoa have only one kind of cell whereas Eumetazoa have many kinds.
B. The various kinds of cells of Parazoa do not form permanent associations into tissues or organs whereas
Eumetazoa possess true, stable tissues.
C. Parazoans are only haploid, whereas eumetazoans are diploid with haploid sex cells.
D. Parazoans invert during their development whereas eumetazoans do not.
E. All of the choices provided are correct.

Back 30

B. The various kinds of cells of Parazoa do not form permanent associations into tissues or organs whereas
Eumetazoa possess true, stable tissues.

Front 31

Bilateria are characterized by:
A. a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around a vertical plane in the midline
B. a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around a horizontal plane in the midline
C. a plane of symmetry around a transverse plane across the center of the body so that the front and back
halves are mirror images
D. a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around an oblique plane in the midline
E. a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around any plane through the longitudinal midline of the
body

Back 31

B. a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around a horizontal plane in the midline

Front 32

Cephalization is:
A. embryonic development of the head in advance of the rest of the body
B. concentration of the sensory organs on the posterior end of the body
C. concentration of the sensory organs on the anterior end of the body
D. an evolutionary degeneration of the head as seen in some parasites
E. a malformation of the head

Back 32

C. concentration of the sensory organs on the anterior end of the body

Front 33

Germ layers are:
A. layers infected with bacteria
B. embryonic layers with different developmental potentials
C. layers of cells surrounding the egg prior to fertilization
D. colonial protists arranged in layers
E. none of the choices provided

Back 33

B. embryonic layers with different developmental potentials

Front 34

The fate of the embryonic germ layers is:
A. The endoderm forms the gut, the ectoderm forms the epidermis and parts of the nervous system, and the
mesoderm forms muscles and most internal organs.
B. The endoderm forms the gut, the ectoderm forms the reproductive tract and endocrine system, and the
mesoderm forms muscles and most internal organs.
C. The endoderm forms the inner part of all internal organs, the mesoderm forms the middle parts, and the
ectoderm forms the outer coverings.
D. The layers are sequential structures that all disappear during development, with the endoderm appearing
first and then is replaced by the mesoderm, which in turn is supplanted by the ectoderm.
E. The endoderm is an embryonic structure that disappears early, whereas the ectoderm persists as the skin
and the mesoderm as the internal organs.

Back 34

A. The endoderm forms the gut, the ectoderm forms the epidermis and parts of the nervous system, and the
mesoderm forms muscles and most internal organs.

Front 35

Triploblastic are animals that:
A. form three separate blastulas from a single embryo
B. produce three eggs, each of which forms a single blastula
C. form three blastopores in each blastula
D. have a blastula composed of three cells
E. have three germ layers

Back 35

E. have three germ layers

Front 36

You are given an embryo with eight cells and you carefully separate them and allow them to develop
in separate containers. Each of the cells forms a complete embryo that develops normally into an adult
animal. How would you categorize your animal?
A. It has indeterminate cleavage.
B. It has determinate cleavage.
C. It is a protostome.
D. It is an annelid, mollusk, or arthropod.
E. It has spiral cleavage.

Back 36

A. It has indeterminate cleavage.

Front 37

Which of the following statements best compares a pseudocoelom and a coelom?
A. A coelom is completely enclosed by mesoderm whereas a pseudocoelom has an outer covering of
mesoderm and an inner one of endoderm.
B. A pseudocoelom is completely enclosed by mesoderm whereas a coelom has an outer covering of
mesoderm and an inner one of endoderm.
C. The coelom is enclosed by ectoderm and the pseudocoelom is enclosed by endoderm.
D. The pseudocoelom is enclosed by ectoderm and the coelom is enclosed by endoderm.
E. The coelom is enclosed by ectoderm and the pseudocoelom is enclosed by mesoderm.

Back 37

A. A coelom is completely enclosed by mesoderm whereas a pseudocoelom has an outer covering of
mesoderm and an inner one of endoderm.