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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the way of gaining knowledge of some natural phenomenon
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scientific method
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the genetic diversity of the species of the world
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biodiversity
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3 ways in which a scientific journal article differs from popular articles about science
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1) credentials shown in the beginning
2)has citations from other articles or journals 3)subject writing is narrow and specific |
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one celled organism with no true organized nucleus
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prokaryote
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spiral, determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes the mouth
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protostome
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significance of mitosis
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to ensure genetic stability
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example: the extinction of the dinosaurs and the adaptive radiation of animals
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macroevolution
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fertilized egg
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zygote
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microevolution
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change in the genetic frequencies of a population through time
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all the world's species and their genetic diversity
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biodiversity
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results in the production of 2 genetically alike daughter nuclei
(mitosis, meiosis, neither, both) |
mitosis
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consists of two nuclear divisions
(mit, mei, nei, both) |
meiosis
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occurs only during the production of eggs and sperm
(mit, mei, nei, both) |
meiosis
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followed by cytokinesis
(mit, mei, nei, both) |
both
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reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid
(mit, mei, nei, both) |
meiosis
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involves the condensation of chromosomes
(mit, mei, nei, both) |
both
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9 characteristics used to help scientists to understand animal phylogeny
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symmetry, level of organization, body segmentation, body cavity, mesoderm development, cleavage, fate of cells, digestive tract
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sharing the same ancestry but different structure and functions
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homology
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having similar functions but different ancestry
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analogy
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character that has had little change over time
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primitive character
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character that has drastically changed over time
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derived character
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2 structures that develop from ectoderm (embryological tissue)
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dermis, nervous system
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2 structures that develop from endoderm
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lungs, guts
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2 structures that develop from mesoderm
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muscles, skeleton
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when organisms have a trait that allows them to survive and produce viable offspring that could reproduce viable offspring as well
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natural selection
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compare hypothesis and theory
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A theory is has been extensively tested and is generally accepted, while a hypothesis is a speculative guess that has yet to be tested.
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compare microevolution and macroevolution
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microevolution has to do with gene frequencies in a population. macroevolution has to do with a change in biodiversity at a large scale
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compare coevolution and evolution
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coevoltuion is when 2 species evolve based on close interaction with each other. evolution is an individual species adapting to its environment over time
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how do new alleles arise in a population
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mutations
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which does natural selection act on directly, genotypes or phenotypes?
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phenotypes
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function of allantois
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waste management
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function of amnion
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protection
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function of chorion
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gas exchange
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function of yolk sac
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nutrition
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3 groups of chordates that are amniotes
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mammalia, aves, reptilia
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what does the amniotic egg allow?
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transition to going on land
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long term relationship between 2 different species and have effects on each other
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symbiosis
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uses choanocytes to move water and capture food
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proifera
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ectoparasite with suckers to attach to host
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leeches
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endoparasite with many repeated body sections
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tapeworms
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phylum characterized by cnidocytes containing nematocysts
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cnidaria
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phylum with an endoskeleton consisting of cartilage and bone
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chordata
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squids and slugs belong to this phylum
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mollusca
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has an exoskeleton and moves by jointed appendages
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arthropoda
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phylum where bilaterally symmetrical larvae become penta-radial symmetrical adults
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echinodermata
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2 body forms that occur in cnidaria
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sessile polyp, medusa
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organisms whose body fluid concentrations remain isotonic to their environments
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osmoconformers
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organisms whose body fluid remains hypotonic or hypertonic to their environment
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osmoregulators
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ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment
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homeostasis
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5 characteristics of chordates
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1) Single, hollow nerve cord beneath dorsal surface
2) notochord 3) Pharyngeal slits (pouches) connect pharynx (between mouth and esophagus) with outside 4) Postanal tail 5) Segmentation |
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vertebrate group that is considered first tetrapods
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amphibians
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vertebrate group that is considered the first amniotes
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reptilia
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vertebrate group whose representatives recieve oxygenated air upon inhalations and exhalation during breathing
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aves
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sensory neuron
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recieves pain and sends signal to interneuron
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motor neuron
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recieves signal from interneuron and reacts
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interneuron
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recieves signal from sensory neuron and sends it to motor neuron
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vessels that carry blood to the heart
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veins
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vessels that carry bloody away from heart
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arteries
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number of chambers and name of chambers in fish
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2; right and left atrium
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# of chambers and name of chambers in reptiles
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3.5; R/L atrium and 1 ventrical with septum
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# of chambers and name of chambers in mammals
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4; R/L atrium and ventrical
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# of chambers and name of chambers in amphibians
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3; R/L atrium and 1 ventrical
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