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62 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
the way of gaining knowledge of some natural phenomenon
scientific method
the genetic diversity of the species of the world
biodiversity
3 ways in which a scientific journal article differs from popular articles about science
1) credentials shown in the beginning
2)has citations from other articles or journals
3)subject writing is narrow and specific
one celled organism with no true organized nucleus
prokaryote
spiral, determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes the mouth
protostome
significance of mitosis
to ensure genetic stability
example: the extinction of the dinosaurs and the adaptive radiation of animals
macroevolution
fertilized egg
zygote
microevolution
change in the genetic frequencies of a population through time
all the world's species and their genetic diversity
biodiversity
results in the production of 2 genetically alike daughter nuclei
(mitosis, meiosis, neither, both)
mitosis
consists of two nuclear divisions
(mit, mei, nei, both)
meiosis
occurs only during the production of eggs and sperm
(mit, mei, nei, both)
meiosis
followed by cytokinesis
(mit, mei, nei, both)
both
reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid
(mit, mei, nei, both)
meiosis
involves the condensation of chromosomes
(mit, mei, nei, both)
both
9 characteristics used to help scientists to understand animal phylogeny
symmetry, level of organization, body segmentation, body cavity, mesoderm development, cleavage, fate of cells, digestive tract
sharing the same ancestry but different structure and functions
homology
having similar functions but different ancestry
analogy
character that has had little change over time
primitive character
character that has drastically changed over time
derived character
2 structures that develop from ectoderm (embryological tissue)
dermis, nervous system
2 structures that develop from endoderm
lungs, guts
2 structures that develop from mesoderm
muscles, skeleton
when organisms have a trait that allows them to survive and produce viable offspring that could reproduce viable offspring as well
natural selection
compare hypothesis and theory
A theory is has been extensively tested and is generally accepted, while a hypothesis is a speculative guess that has yet to be tested.
compare microevolution and macroevolution
microevolution has to do with gene frequencies in a population. macroevolution has to do with a change in biodiversity at a large scale
compare coevolution and evolution
coevoltuion is when 2 species evolve based on close interaction with each other. evolution is an individual species adapting to its environment over time
how do new alleles arise in a population
mutations
which does natural selection act on directly, genotypes or phenotypes?
phenotypes
function of allantois
waste management
function of amnion
protection
function of chorion
gas exchange
function of yolk sac
nutrition
3 groups of chordates that are amniotes
mammalia, aves, reptilia
what does the amniotic egg allow?
transition to going on land
long term relationship between 2 different species and have effects on each other
symbiosis
uses choanocytes to move water and capture food
proifera
ectoparasite with suckers to attach to host
leeches
endoparasite with many repeated body sections
tapeworms
phylum characterized by cnidocytes containing nematocysts
cnidaria
phylum with an endoskeleton consisting of cartilage and bone
chordata
squids and slugs belong to this phylum
mollusca
has an exoskeleton and moves by jointed appendages
arthropoda
phylum where bilaterally symmetrical larvae become penta-radial symmetrical adults
echinodermata
2 body forms that occur in cnidaria
sessile polyp, medusa
organisms whose body fluid concentrations remain isotonic to their environments
osmoconformers
organisms whose body fluid remains hypotonic or hypertonic to their environment
osmoregulators
ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment
homeostasis
5 characteristics of chordates
1) Single, hollow nerve cord beneath dorsal surface
2) notochord
3) Pharyngeal slits (pouches) connect pharynx (between mouth and esophagus) with outside
4) Postanal tail
5) Segmentation
vertebrate group that is considered first tetrapods
amphibians
vertebrate group that is considered the first amniotes
reptilia
vertebrate group whose representatives recieve oxygenated air upon inhalations and exhalation during breathing
aves
sensory neuron
recieves pain and sends signal to interneuron
motor neuron
recieves signal from interneuron and reacts
interneuron
recieves signal from sensory neuron and sends it to motor neuron
vessels that carry blood to the heart
veins
vessels that carry bloody away from heart
arteries
number of chambers and name of chambers in fish
2; right and left atrium
# of chambers and name of chambers in reptiles
3.5; R/L atrium and 1 ventrical with septum
# of chambers and name of chambers in mammals
4; R/L atrium and ventrical
# of chambers and name of chambers in amphibians
3; R/L atrium and 1 ventrical