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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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three domains?
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archaea, eubacteria, eukarya
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five kingdoms?
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protista, animalia, fungi, plantae, monera
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four categories of tissues?
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nervous, muscle, epithelial, connective
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"higher" organisms?
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more complex organisms due to specialization
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ancestral feature?
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features found in the ancestors
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protostomal development?
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shared features
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traditional/evoluationary systematics?
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order and classify large number of species being described
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phlyogenetic systematics / cladistics?
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classify organisms based upon evolutionary relationships
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monophyletic?
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grouping that consists of an ancestral species and all of its descendants
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adaptation?
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trait that enhances evolutionary fitness, a result of natural selection
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diversity?
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number of species within a specific lineage
(relative term->must compare) |
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disparity?
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range of anatomical structural variation
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convergent evolution?
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formation of structures that have a similar function, results in analogous structures
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dorsal?
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belly surface/undersurface
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ventral?
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back/upper surface
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medial?
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mid regions
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lateral?
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sides (right/left)
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anterior?
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head end/par that moves forward
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posterior?
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tail end/opposite part of anterior
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distal?
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away from point of reference
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proximal?
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near point of reference
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superficial?
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on/near surface
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deep?
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away from surface
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oral?
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surface where mouth is located
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aboral?
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surface opposite from where mouth is
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cephalic?
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towards head
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caudal?
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away head
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superior?
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up
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inferior?
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down
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bilateral symmetry?
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divided half by single plane
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radially symmetrical?
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divide in half by many planes
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longitudinal axis?
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line extending from anterior to posterior direction
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dorsiventral axis?
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line extending from dorsal to ventral side
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transverse axis?
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line running laterally across body side to side
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sagittal plane?
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plane divide organism into left/right sides
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transverse plane?
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cross that includes transverse & dorsiventral axes
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frontal plane?
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any plane including transverse and longitudinal axes
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mesentery?
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layer of peritoneum, help position organ
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head?
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location of all major sense organs
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trunk?
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main body, end in anus/cloaca region
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tail?
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post-anal extension of flesh and skeleton
function: propulsion, balance, thermoregulation, display |
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notochord?
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flexible rod-like structure, underlies nerve cord
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four notable characteristics of Phylum Chordata?
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1. pharyngeal gill
2. notochord 3. single, hollow, dorsal nerve cord 4. post anal tail |
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cheek pouches?
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carry food or nesting materials
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incisor teeth?
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self-sharpening
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oral cavity?
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made of hard palate anteriorly and boneless soft palate posteriorly
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pink iris?
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lack pigments, presence of blood color
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coelom?
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space between inner and outer tube of double tubular system
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thoracic cavity?
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contains heart and lungs
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abdominal cavity?
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digestive tract and excretory system
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salivary glames?
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consists of parotids and submaxillaries
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lymph nodes?
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filter lymph fluid
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lacrymal (tear) glands?
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make tears
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diaphragm?
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major muscle of respiration, flap of muscle, separate thoracic and abdominal cavities
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trachea?
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conducts air into various lobes of lung
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viens?
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lead to hear
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arteries?
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away from hear
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esophagus?
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convey food from mouth to the stomach
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stomach?
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large pouch-like expansion of gut, store foods
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large intestine (colon)?
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absorb water
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small intestine?
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the duodenum, jejunum, ileum
digestion |
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liver and pancreas?
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aid in digestion by pancreatic juices that contain digestive enzymes
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caecum?
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large finger-shaped out pocketing that have special bacteria to break down complex carbohydrates
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rectum?
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end of large intestine that empties feces to anus
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kidney?
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nephrons make urine & regulating ionic balance
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cortex?
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outer part of kidney, contain lots of renal corpuscles
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medulla?
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inner part of kidney, tubes to collect urine and to transport urine
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renal pelvis?
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funnel-like proximal expansion of ureter
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females reproductive system?
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uterus, ovaries, vaginal-connect uterus to outside
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male reproductive system?
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testes within scrotum, vas deferns, ejaculatory duct, urthra, penis
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seminal vesicle-fructose secretion?
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secretions from accessory glands in males
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pathway of circulatory system?
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blood low in O2->superior venal cava->right atrium->tricupsid valve->right ventricle->semilunar valve->pulmonary artery->lung->blood high in O2->lung->left pulmonary vein->left artium->bicuspid atrioventicular valve->left ventricle->semilunar valve->aorta->body
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pathway of urine from kidney in male?
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kidney->ureter->urinary bladder->urethra->ejaculatory duct->penis
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pathway of urine from kidney in female?
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kidney->ureter->urinary bladder->vagina
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pathway of food from mouth to anus?
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mouth->oral cavity->pharynx (throat)->laryngopharynx region->esophagus->stomach->small intestine->large intestine (colon)->rectum->anus
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DKPCOFGS (Dear Philip Came Over For Good Soup)?
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Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
3 Domains: Archaea, Eubacteria (prokaryotes), and Eukarya (eukaryotes) |
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Osmoconformers?
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little energy to alter ions to environment
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types of nitrogenous wastes and organism?
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ammonia for fish, uric acid for birds, urea for us
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1. Diversity
2. Disparity |
1. = relationship between # of species (beetles are more diverse than chordates)
2. = structural variation (wings are disparate between birds and bees) |
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Convergent evolution ?
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structures with the same function but different development (wings again
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Chordate Features ?
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1. Head, trunk, tail = 3 body sections
2. Pharyngeal gill clefts = lungs 3. Notochord = vertebral column 4. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord 5. Post-anal tail |
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2. Coelom separates columns/cavities
3. Neck anatomy (lateral to medial) = 4. Lymph nodes = 5. Thoracic cavity = diaphragm = |
2. (abdominal – digestive/excretion, thoracic – heart/lungs)
3. lacrimal glands, parotid glands, submaxillary glands. 4. superior to glands 5. helps with breathing falciform ligament attached to liver for diaphragm to attach to the abdominal wall |
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Respiratory
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Air > Larynx > trachea (hard cartilage rings) > Lungs
Food is blocked by the epiglottis covering the larynx. |
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Circulatory
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SVC/IVC > RA (triscupid) > RV > Pulmonary artery > Lungs (+O2) > pulmonary vein > LA (biscupid) > LV > Aorta > arteries > capillaries (-O2) > veins > SVC/IVC
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Lymphatic
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lymph nodes + thymus + spleen = pick up fluid back to the circulatory
spleen filters blood, stores/destroys RBCs |
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Digestive
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Food > Pharynx > Esophagus > Stomach > small intestine > colon (Large intestine) > Rectum > Anus
Pharynx = 3 parts (oro, naso, laryngo), small intestine = 3 parts (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), pancreas, liver deposite enzymes into duodenum, caecum = outpocket for bacteria to break down cellulose (aka appendix). |
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Excretory
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= kidneys > ureter > bladder > urethra
kidneys outer = cortex, inner = medulla |
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Repro: females =
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ovary > oviducts (fallopian tubes) > uterus > vagina;
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Repor: male : SEVEN UP
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seminiferous tubule>epididymis>vas deferens>ejactuatory duct>nothing>uthera>penis
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