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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is photosynthesis?
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series of chemical rxn that convert light energy into chemical energy
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what is chloroplast?
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double-membrane-bound organelle with envelope (outer and inner membranes)
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what do the chemical DCMU do?
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blocks electron transport between PSI and PSII
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what is methylamine?
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pH buffers that minimizes changes of proton gradient in lumen
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what is the use of DCPIP?
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DCPIP is blue but when reduced it is colorless-> this color change rate indicated the rate of photosynthesis
2 DCPIP +2 H20 -> 2 DCPIPH2+O2 |
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What's the difference between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b?
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chlorophyll b has an aldehyde group
chlorophyll a only has a methyl group |
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where is the stroma?
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the inside of chloroplast
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which pigments are in the thylakoids?
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chlorophyll a,
chlorophyll b, carotenoids |
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what is thylakoids?
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single bilayer membrane organelles within the chloroplast
contain pigments and photosystem |
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what are photosystems consist of ?
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antenna, reaction center (RC) and pigment-protein complex
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What is the RC (reaction center) consist of?
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dimer of 2 chlorophyll molecules
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what's the concentration of the "standardized chloroplast suspension"?
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0.1 mg of chlorophyll/ml of suspension
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what's the purpose of the antenna pigments in PS1?
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inc surface area for absorption of light energy and transfer energy to the RC
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what happen in the RC?
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one of the chlorophyll dimers get excited and becomes oxidized --> donate an electron to an electron acceptor (NADP)
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what occur in the stroma?
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NADP+ + e-(reducing agent) --> NAPH + H+ + ATP (oxidizing agent)
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how is NADP+ created?
(hint: carbon fixation reactions aka calvin cycle) |
CO2 + 2(NADPH + H+) + ATP --> CH2O(sugar) + 2NADP+ + H2O
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how are PS2 and PS1 connect? and what is the function of the connection?
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Electron transport chain - consist of several protein complexes
transport electrons from PS 2 to PS1 pump protons from stroma to lumen |
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what's the difference between PS2 and PS1?
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PS1 is not independent, rely on PS2 for electrons
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What occur in the lumen?
(hint: how PS2 get electrons) |
2H2O-->O2 + 4e- + 4H+
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what happen to H+ in the lumen?
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coupled to the ATP synthase complex and move to stroma to make ATP from ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate)
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what is photophosphorylation?
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ATP generated from light w/ADP + Pi
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what's the function of galacto lipids?
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keeps thylakoid from rupturing in zero-sucrose buffer
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what's the function of sucrose buffer?
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osmoticum-keep chloroplasts from rupturing
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what's the function of phosphate buffer?
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maintains a constant pH
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why do we need to lyse chloroplasts?
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to measure photosynthesis
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why do proton gradient becomes large?
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protons being pumped from stroma into lumen by ETC
protons being formed in lumen when H2O is oxidized |
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what's the function of proton gradient?
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potential energy that can be used to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate
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what do we need to know about chromatography paper ?
(hint: TLC in Chem 3a Lab) |
paper is hyrophilic so polar pigments partition more and move shorter distance.
hydrophobic pigments move farther away from pencil line. |
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what is the hill reaction?
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light-dependent transfer of electrons from water to an acceptor that make oxygen
2H2O -> O2 + 4e- + 4H+ |
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what is the light dependent reaction?
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CO2 + light + H2O +ATP -> O2 + CH2O + H2O
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what's the function of galactolipids?
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strengthen membranes of thylakoid
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what is an absorption spectrum?
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a graph of the amount of light absorbed by a given substance at various wavelengths
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how do you clean up?
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all acetone-containing solutions -> acetone waste container in hood
any DCPIP-containing soultions into the DCPIP waste container throw away all plastic tubes clean & rinse all glassware w/de-ionized water |
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how do anaerobic bacteria photosynthesize?
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use hydrogen sulfide and produce sulfur
CO2 + 2 H2S + light -> CH2O + 2S + H2O |
