Bio 1A Lecture 2

Front 1

what are the four classes of large biological molecules?

Back 1

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Front 2

What are the building blocks of the cell: Polysaccharides?

Back 2

Sugars

Front 3

What are the building blocks of the cell: Lipids/membranes?

Back 3

Fatty acids

Front 4

What are the building blocks of the cell: Proteins?

Back 4

Amino acids

Front 5

What are the building blocks of the cell: Nucleic acids ?

Back 5

Nucleotides

Front 6

What are the larger units of the cell: sugars?

Back 6

polysaccharides

Front 7

What are the larger units of the cell: fatty acids?

Back 7

lipids/membranes

Front 8

What are the larger units of the cell:
amino acids?

Back 8

proteins

Front 9

What are the larger units of the cell: nucleotides?

Back 9

nucleic acids

Front 10

what are carbohydrates?

Back 10

simple single sugar - monosaccharide
CH2O
polymers of simple sugars/macromolecules - polysaccharides

Front 11

What are the properties of monosaccharides?

Back 11

1. molecular formulas that are usually multiples of CH2O
Glucose (C6H12O6) - most common monosaccharide
2. classified by
location of the carbonyl group (as aldose or ketose)
number of carbons in the carbon skeleton
3. major fuel for cells and raw material for building molecules

Front 12

how can two monosaccharides react to form a disaccharide?

draw the reaction

Back 12

dehydration reaction/condensation reaction

two molecules become covalently linked with the loss of
a water molecule

Front 13

what's the hydrolysis reaction?

Back 13

water is added

Front 14

What are the role of polysaccharides?

Back 14

storage and structural

Front 15

what are the properties of lipids?

Back 15

1. do not form polymers
2. little or no affinity for water
3. hydrophobic because consist mostly of hydrocarbons--> form nonpolar covalent bonds
4. important lipids in bio: fats, phospholipids, and steroids

Front 16

what are fats made up of ?

Back 16

Glycerol - three-carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to each carbon

A fatty acid - a carboxyl group attached to a long carbon skeleton

Front 17

what's the difference between a saturated fat and unsaturated fat?

Back 17

unsaturated fat have cis double bonding in one fatty acid

Front 18

why do phospholipid have a hydrophilic
head but hydrophobic tails?

Back 18

made up of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol

two fatty acid tails are hydrophobic

phosphate group and its attachments form a hydrophilic head

Front 19

what is the structure of steroids?

draw the structure

Back 19

carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings

important steroid: Cholesterol

Front 20

what are Polypeptides?

Back 20

polymers built from the same set of 20 amino acids

Front 21

what are the properties of proteins?

Back 21

1. many structures resulting in various functions include structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement, and defense against foreign substances
2. one or more polypeptides
3. more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells

Front 22

what is an amino acid?

Back 22

organic molecules w/ Carboxyl and amino groups
diff in properties bec of diff side groups

Front 23

what is a peptide bond?

Back 23

a covalent bond form between two amino acid (between C and D) through dehydradation

Front 24

what is gene?

Back 24

a unit of inheritance that program the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide

Front 25

what are nucleic acids?

Back 25

polmyers called polynucleotides

polynucleotides-made up of monomers of nucleotides

Front 26

what is the nucleotides consist of?

Back 26

a nitrogenous base, pentose sugar and phosphate group

Front 27

what's the difference between a nucleoside and nucleotide?

Back 27

nucleoside is a nucleotides without the phosphate group

Front 28

what are the two types of nucleic acids?

Back 28

DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA - ribonucleic acid

Front 29

what's the structure of DNA?

Back 29

double helix- two polynucleotdes spiraling around an imaginary axis
antiparallel- backbones run opposite 5'->3'

Front 30

how are the nitrogenous bases in DNA pair up ?

Back 30

adenine (A) w/ thymine (T)
guanine (G) w/ cytosine (C)
join by hydrogen bonds

Front 31

what's the type of linkage in suagrs?

Back 31

glycosidic linkages

Front 32

what's the type of linkage in lipids?

Back 32

ester linkages

Front 33

what's the type of linkage in proteins?

Back 33

peptide bonds

Front 34

what's the type of linkage in nucleic acid?

Back 34

phosphodiester linkage