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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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transmembrane domains
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usually alpha helices with hydrophobic side chains
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Type 1 transmembrane protein
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has amino terminus outside cell
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Type 2 transmembrane protein
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has carboxy terminus outside cell
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Type 3 transmembrane protein
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multiple transmembrane domains
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peripheral membrane protein
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outside of membrane
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integral membrane protein
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inside of membrane
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typical transmembrane protein
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disulfide bonds and sugar/carbs OUTSIDE the cell; reduced cystine and sulfhydryls INSIDE
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passive transport
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follows concentration gradient; doesn't require energy
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active transport
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opposes concentration gradient; requires energy
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uniport
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one molecule one way
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symport
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two diff molecules together one way
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antiport
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two diff molecules two diff directions
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aquaporins
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water channels
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cystic fibrosis
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defect in Cl- channel results in viscous secretions
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diff between plant cells and animal cells
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chloroplasts, centrol vacuole, plasmodesmada, cell wall
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cell wall
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made up of cellulose or such material that gives rigidty
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chloroplasts
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capturing sun energy, have some of their own DNA
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central vacuole
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large fluid-filled membrane in middle of cell; used to store and degrade macromolecules sugars and fats; also contributes to shape of cell by controlling turgor
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plasmodesmada
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connections between plant cells allowing things to get past the rigid cell wall
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lysosomes
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animal cells use these to degrade macromolecules (sugars and fats)
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centrifugation
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use detergent to make cell lysate, then separate components by size and desity
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chromatin
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DNA protein complex; DNA + proteins that package that DNA
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hydropathy index
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identify hydrophobic amino acids in proteins, can predict membrane-spanning regions of proteins by looking for stretches of hydrophobic side groups
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nucleoli
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site of ribosome assembly
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endoplasmic reticulum
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continuous with nuclear envelope
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Smooth ER
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sysnthesis of lipids, carbohydrate metabolism, detoxification of drugs and poisons
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Rough ER
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site f synthesis of membrane bound or secreted proteins. Proteins then sent via transport vessicle to Golgi complex, lysosomes, secretory vessicles
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chaperones
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attempt to refold and correct misfolded protein
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HSP
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Heat Shock Protein that binds to misfolded protein, use ATP energy to refold protein
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proteosome
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machine made up of many protein subunits; have a channel in which denatured proteins are fed and chopped up into small peptides and then amino acids for cell reuse
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