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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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archea
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mostly single celled, no nucleus, extremophiles
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eubacteria
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single celled prokaryotes, no nucleaus
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eukaryotes
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fungi, plants, animals; uni or multi cellular
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biofilm
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large collection of bacteria living with one another and cooperation with each other
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quarum sensing
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bacterias that can sense neighboring communities and change accordingly
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C. elegans
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worm with only 3000 cells total, Sydney Brenner
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pluripotent
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cell that can give rise to many different kinds of cells
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totipotent
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can give rise to ANY kind of cell
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obligate intracellular bacteria
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can't survive on their own; live and grow inside the cytoplasm of cell
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chimera
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two or more different populations of genetically distinct cells that originated in different zygotes
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endosymbiosis
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mitochondria were derived from an intracellular bacterium
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bacteriophage
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virus that infects bacteria
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virus
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cannot live on its own; requires function of infected cell to go through its lifecycle
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rough streptococcus
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easy for immune system to destroy; phagocytes gobble them up; NO PROTECTIVE SUGAR COAT
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smooth stretococcus
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protective coat of carbohydrates; very different for immune system to attack
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Avery, MacLeod, McCarthy
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This showed that DNA, not protein, has ability to transform cells
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Hershey and Chase
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Proved DNA was hereditary material of cell
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polymer
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large molecule made up of repeating subunits
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nucleoside
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has no phosphate group; has a base and sugar
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nucleotide
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5 carbon sugar + base + phosphate group
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purine
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Adenine and Guanine
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pyrimidine
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cytoside, thymine, uracil
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phosphoester bond formation
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3' hydroxyl attacks 5' phosphate
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Chargaff's Experiment
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contributed to Watson and Crick's antiparallel helical structure
A lies opposite T, G lies opp. C |
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nucleic acid hybridization
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if DNA strands are separated and mixed, the radioactive strand will find its complementary strand and hybridize to it`
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Central Dogma
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DNA serves as a template for RNA synthesis which serves as a template for protein synthesis
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Transcription
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the process of copying DNA to RNA by an enzyme called RNA polymerase (RNAP)
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Translation
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proceeds in four phases: activation, initiation, elongation and termination (all describing the growth of the amino acid chain, or polypeptide that is the product of translation).
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Meselson, Stahl experiment
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proved that semiconservative model as the the correct model for DNA replication
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gene
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fundamental physical and functional unit of hereditary; codes for one polypeptide (or trait)
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