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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mitochondria
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double membrane structure with shelflike cristae, ATP, contain their own DNA and RNA, self replicating, protein synthesis of respiratory proteins, passed to offspring by female parent, mitochondrial myopathies are inherited muscle disorders resulting from faulty mitochondrial genes. As a result, muscles become weak and fatigue easily.
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Ribosomes
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Granules containing protein and rRNA, site of protein synthesis, free ribosomes synthesize soluble proteins, membrane-bound ribosomes synthesize proteins to be incorporated into membranes, synthesized by the nucleolus in the nucleus
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Tubules arranged in a lopping network, catalyzes the following reactions in various organs of the body in the liver - lipid and cholesterol metabolism, breakdown of glyccogen and along with the kidneys, detoxification of drugs, in the testes, synthesis of steroid based hormones, in the intestinal cells, absorption, synthesis and transport of fats, in skeletal and cardiac muscle storage and release of calcium
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Golgi Apparatus and Endomembrane system
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Stacked, flattened membranous sacs, functions in modification, concentration and packaging or proteins, transport vessels from the ER fuse with the cis face of the Golgi apparatus, proteins then pass through the golgi apparatus to the trans face, secretory vesicles Golgi stack and move to designated parts of the cell. Vesicle pathways: Secretion, New membrance and lysosome
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Lysosomes
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Spherical membranous bags containing digestive enzymes, low pH, digest ingested bacteria, viruses, and toxins, degrade nonfunctional organelles, breakdown glycogen and release thyroid hormone, breakdown nonuseful tissue, breakdown bone to release calcium, secretory lysosomes are found in white blood cells, immune cells and melanocytes
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Tay Sachs Disorder
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Affects children of eastern European -Ashkenazi descent - seizures, muscle rigidity, blind, demented and dead before the age of 5
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Peroxisomes
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Abundant in liver and kidney cells - detoxifies harmful chemicals - alcohol, drugs, etc, membranous sacs containing oxidases and catalases....catalase breaks down H202 to H20 + 02, neutralize dangerous free radicals - free radicals - highly reactive chemicals with unpaired electrons 02-LACK OF PEROXISOME ENZYME CAUSED ALD
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Cytoskeleton
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Consists of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
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Microfilaments
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Dynamic strands of the protein ACTIN for muscle contraction. Attached cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane - braces and strengthens the cell surface
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Intermediate filaments
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Scaffolding of the cell
Tough, insoluble protein fibers with high tensile strength |
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Microtubules
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Determines overall shape of cell and distribution of organelles
Make up CENTRIOLES which function in MITOSIS, Make up cilia and flagella |
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Motor molecules
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attach to receptors on organelles and transport organelles, motion accomplished by motor molecules (DYNEIN & KINESIN) and CYTOSKELETON. Protein complexes that function in motility. Powered by ATP. Cause cilia and flagella action. Cilia - hair like extensions that move substance through passageways
Flagella - long whip like extension that moves a whole cell |
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Centrioles
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Small barrel-shaped organelles located in the centrosome near the nucleus, pinwheel array of nine triplets of microtubules, organize mitotic spindle during mitosis, form the bases of cilia and flagella
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Cell nucleus
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Contains the genetic library with blueprints for nearly all ceullar proteins, dictates the kinds and amounts of proteins to be synthesized
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Nuclear Envelope
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Selectively permeable double membrane barrier containing pores - outer membrane is continuous with rough ER and is studded with ribosomes, pore complex regulates transport of large molecules into and out of the nucleus
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Nucleoli
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Dark-staining spherical bodies within the nucleus
site of ribosome production |
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Chromatin
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Threadlike strands of DNA and histones - arranged in fundamental units called nucleosomes, form condensed, barlike bodies of chromosomes when the nucleus starts to divide
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nuclear envelope
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separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, double membrane with pores
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nucleolus
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spherical body in nucleus
synthesizes ribosomes which move out through the pores into the cytoplasm |
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Chromatin
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Made up of DNA and histones
Carry the code for cellular proteins |
