Bio 183 Lect 5 (Test 1)

Front 1

____ - anaerobic process in cytoplasm in which glucose is oxidized to two pyruvates.

Back 1

glycolysis

Front 2

___ - 3 carbon chains in glycolysis

Back 2

pyruvate

Front 3

___ - aerobic process that oxidizes pyruvates to CO2

Back 3

krebs cycle

Front 4

____ in chloroplasts uses CO2 and H20 and light, and produces Organic Molecules and O2

Back 4

Photosynthesis

Front 5

____ in mitochondria uses Organic Molecules and O2, and produces ATP, and wasteproducts of CO2 and H2O

Back 5

Cellular Respiration

Front 6

____ We slowly titrate the energy out in very manageable steps and trap it in ATP.

Back 6

cellular respiration
(vs uncontrolled reaction)

Front 7

____ - sugar breakage, most primitive breakage.

Back 7

Glycolysis

Front 8

We use ____ to generate ATP for us.

Back 8

mitochondria

Front 9

No oxygen = ____ process
W/ oxygen = ____ process

Back 9

Anaerobic
aerobic

Front 10

Eukaryote cells use both anaerobic and aerobic pathways for ____.

Back 10

cell respiration

Front 11

Krebs or _____

Back 11

(Citric Acid Cycle)

Front 12

The pathways generate energy in the form of ATP:

Back 12

Glycolysis
Krebs
Electron Transport Chain

Front 13

Glycolysis - no ____ necessary

Back 13

oxygen

Front 14

Glycolysis takes place in the ____ of the mitochondria.

Back 14

cytosol

Front 15

Why it is the final electron acceptor.

Back 15

Smallest element with need for two electrons in outer orbital.

Front 16

Shuttle ____ into the mitochondrion, you breakdown the ____ (get extra 2co2) and end up with
Other carbon fragements are attached to Aceytlcoa which is then attached to carbons in the citric acid cycle.

Back 16

pyruvate
pyruvate

Front 17

(Big part of the shuttle is from TCA to ____)

Back 17

oxidative phosphorylation

Front 18

____ is a process in which cells invest some energy and get some more return. Invest ATP and get more ATP In return. (Invested ___ and got ____, net of ____)

Back 18

glycolysis
2
4
2

Front 19

ATP is produced by ____, in glycolysis.

Back 19

substrate level phosphorylation

Front 20

Next step after glycolysis, you take those two ____ molecules that remain after glycolysis and feed them into the mitochondria.
Now we have our ____

Back 20

pyruvate
Acetyl CoA

Front 21

Electron flow, and ____ is the final electron acceptor

Back 21

oxygen

Front 22

Role of ATP synthase

Back 22

h+ buildup from ETC called proton motive force
H+ returning to matrix powers ATP production
Chemiosmosis - ETC and ATP synthesis coupled

Front 23

This is how we convert all of our food fuels to ATP.

Back 23

Cellular Respiration

Front 24

____ - skip glycolysis
____ - depends on which one to where it skips to.

Back 24

Fatty acids
Proteins/Amino Acids

Front 25

____, is the flux generating enzyme.

Back 25

PFK - phosphofructokinase

Front 26

____ controls cell respiration at key steps.

Back 26

Feedback inhibition

Front 27

____ stimulates PFK
____ Inhibits PFK (don’t need any more material to make ATP)
____ inhibits PFK (don’t need to make more ATP)

Back 27

AMP
Citrate
ATP

Front 28

Two different types of fermentation.

Back 28

Lactic Acid Fermentation (animals)
Ethanol Fermentation (yeast/bacteria)

Front 29

____ does not make muscles sore, microtears do.
____ is shuttled back to liver and converted back to glucose.

Back 29

Lactic Acid

Front 30

Cell Respiration
____ can interfere with cell respiration.

Back 30

Chemical Agents

Front 31

Cell Respiration
Several ____ control flow through pathways

Back 31

feedback mechanisms

Front 32

Cell Respiration
When ____ is absent, fermentation occurs

Back 32

oxygen

Front 33

____ - anaerobic, begins oxidation of glucose.

Back 33

Glycolysis

Front 34

____ - aerobic, completes oxidation of glucose

Back 34

Krebs cycle

Front 35

____ harvested are passed on to ETC.

Back 35

Electrons

Front 36

Flow of electrons through ETC proteins shuttles H+ from ____ to ____.

The ____ are passed to oxygen, the final electron acceptor.

Back 36

matrix
intermembrane space
electrons

Front 37

____ converts ADP and Pi to ATP while h+ moves from intermembrane space back to matrix.

Back 37

ATP synthase

Front 38

____ - halt glycolysis, also blocks pyruvate entry into mitochondria.

Back 38

arsenic

Front 39

____ - disables last step in the ETC, basically punches a hole in the membrane to flow down the gradient and not through the atp synthase.

Back 39

Cyanide

Front 40

_____ - protein that allows H+ to flow back across, energy is lost as heat. (Similar principle to ____, but adaptive function)

Back 40

Brown Adipose tissue
cyanide

Front 41

Uncoupler agents

Back 41

Cyanide
Brown adipose tissue

Front 42

As you move through the steps/cycle you strip electrons from those two carbons/forming NADH and you lose the carbon as CO2.

Back 42

citric acid cycle

Front 43

citric acid cycle
And you make ____ and ____ per cycle.
Remember 2 pyruvates, so 2 cycles.

Back 43

3 NADH
1 FADH2

Front 44

Acetly CoA feeds a 2 carbon fragment to oxaloacetate to form citrate, the first step of the cycle.

Back 44

citric acid cycle

Front 45

___ - you have electrons flowing from one place to another

Back 45

Electron flow

Front 46

Remember ____ is the electron shuttle. There is another electron carrier ____, but it is not mobile.

Back 46

NADH
FADH2

Front 47

During ____, NADH never goes into mitochondria, just get recycled.

Back 47

Anaerobic

Front 48

____ - glyco (sugar) lysis (breakage)

Back 48

Glycolysis

Front 49

____ is reduced to ____, ____ is mobile and taking those electrons to the electron transport chain.

Back 49

NAD
NADH
NADH

Front 50

When you start with a molecule of glucose, there is a series of steps:

Back 50

glycolysis
krebs cycle
electron transport chain

Front 51

cellular respiration energy flow results in the ____ of ADP into ATP.

Back 51

phosphorylation

Front 52

The ____ is embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

Back 52

electron transport chain

Front 53

The electrons flow down the chain (as they do this they lose energy) eventually down to ____, this is where they are picked up by oxygen to form water.

Back 53

cytochrome oxidase

Front 54

NADH ____ (protons and electrons are removed)
It is now recycled back to NAD.

Back 54

dehydrogenates

Front 55

The membrane is highly impermeable except for the ____. So this is where the protons rush back through.
These protons rushing through ____ (turn a turbine) create ATP.

Back 55

ATP synthase
ATP synthase

Front 56

As the electrons are stripped from NADH, the ____ gets pumped across. The ____ are being pushed across the lipid bilayer, against their conc. gradient (energy by electron flow facilitates that). The ____ concentration is so great that the pH is 1 less than the matrix.

Back 56

proton
protons
proton