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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abiotic
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Conditions are the physical properties of the environment.
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Ecological Niche
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The range of environmental conditions in which a genotype can persist.
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Biotic
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Conditions are the other organisms in the environment
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Critical thermal maximum
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The point where no swimming speed occured
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Stress
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Is any condition that lowers the performance or survival of an organism.
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What are some of the environmental factors that result in stress?
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temperature, light, humidity, pH
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What are some factors that affect thermoregulation
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Phenotypic: insulation, energy store, hydration
Environmental: Air temperature, food availability, Social group |
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What is evolution?
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change in allele frequencies
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Induction
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drawing a general conclusion based on a collection of specific observations. (construct models)
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Deduction
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Drawing inferences about a specific case on the basis of general principle. (predict observations)
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name some models used in biology
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verbal, graphical, mathematical
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Correlation
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Is an association between variables. (example: smokers are more likely to get lung cancer than non-smokers)
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Causation
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is a mechanistic relationship between two variables. Experiments are needed to verift causation
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What makes a good experiment?
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1.replicate observations (to increase their reliability)
2. Control conditions (to isolate effects of certain factors) 3.Randomize subjects to decrease bias caused by uncontrolled factors. |
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What do ecologists study?
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how organisms interact with their environments
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What does science do for humanity?
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science provides a way to predict patterns without having to memorize everything about our world
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How does an ectotherm control body temp?
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environment
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how does an endotherm control body temp
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Regulations is controled by producing heat metabolically or using active mechanisms of heat loss.
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what features make an heterotherm?
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a mammal that hibernates is a perfect endotherm over the summer but during the winter it has bouts of hibernation during which its internal heat production falls and it behaves much like an ectotherm (torpor)
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Type of heat: RADIATION
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Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via the exchance of infrared radiation (what you feel when you stand in front of a fire)
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Type of heat: Convection
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Heat transfers to a surrounding medium such as air or water as the medium flows over a surface (the wind-chill factor)
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Type of heat: Conduction
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Heat transfers firectly when objects of two different tempratures come into contact (think of putting an icepack on a sprained ankle)
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Type of heat: Evaporation
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Heat transfers away from a surface when water evaporates on that surface (the effect of sweating)
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Energy budget is what?
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The total balance of heat production and heat exchange
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