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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the backbone element in proteins, carbs,and lipids
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carbon
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what is the Hydroxyl Group compound
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OH
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what is the carboxyl group compound
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COOH
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what is the Amino Group compound
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NH2
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what is hydroxyle group compound
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OH
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what is the Carboxyle Group compound
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COOH
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what is the Amino Group compound
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NH2
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what is the Carbonyl Group
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C=O
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what is the ratio of C:H:0 in carbs
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1:2:1
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what are monosaccharides
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single sugar units of glucose and fructose. Blood sugar and fruit sugar
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what are dissaccharides
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composed of 2 simple sugars. ie glucose and fructose=sucrose
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what are polysaccharides
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long chains of simple sugars. Ie. starch= corn, potatos, and rice
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what is the structural unit of plants?
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Cellulose, found in stems, veins, and bark
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what is glyocogen
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a polysaccharide found in animals in the liver and muscles
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what are lipids
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high proportion of C-H bound and insoluable in water and spontaneously cluster together
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what do phospholipids form
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they form cell membranes, polar phosphate head, two fatter acid nonpolar tails and glycerol
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what do fats consist of
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glycerol and three fatty acids(triglyceride)
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where do we find saturated fats?
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animal fats and plant fats. singular bonds between carbon atoms, solid at room temp.
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where do we find unsaturated fats
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olive oil and corn oil. at least one carbon to carbon double bond. liquid at room temp.
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what is the purpose of fats
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filled with energy, insulate, decrease shock effects
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what are steroids composed of
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a backbone with four fused carbon rings. Ie. cholesterol, estrogen, progesterone, and testerone.
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what is the purpose of hormones
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chemical messengers that travel in our bloodstream. many hormones are steroids
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what are proteins composed of
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amino acids
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what are enzymes
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proteins that speed up or slow down a chemical reaction
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what is purpose of white blood cells and antibodies
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help fight infections
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what is hemoglobin in red blood cell do
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protein that carries oxygen to our tissues
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what is collagen, where is it found, and what does it do
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it is a protein found in bones, skin, ligaments, and tendons that gives us structure
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what are muscles made out of?
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actin and myosin protein filaments
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what kind of bonds are found between proteins
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peptide bonds (amino group to carboxyl group)
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what are nucleic acids composed of
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nucleotides
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what are nucleotides composed of
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five-carbon sugar (ribose in RNA, deoxyribose in DNA), a phosphate group, and nitrogen containing base
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what are purines
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double ringed bases in both DNA and RNA (adenine A, guanine G, cytosine C, thymine T, and uracil U
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