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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetics
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Study of heredity
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Dominant
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trait that is expressed when there are two types of traits.
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recessive
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trait that is masked by another
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homozygous
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when both alleles are the same
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heterozygous
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when he alleles are different
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genotype
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type of genes found in chromosomes
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phenotype
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physical appearance as a result of inherited genes
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sex-linked
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trait that is found in the X chromosome
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sex-influenced
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trait that is expressed differently in males and females
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mutation
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change in a gene or DNA
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incomplete dominance
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pattern of inheritance
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codominance
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when both alleles are expressed
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polygenic trait
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trait controlled by more than one gene
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alleles
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different forms of a gene
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autosome
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non-sex chromosome
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punnett square
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method used to predict the outcome of genetic crosses
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girl
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XX?
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boy
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XY?
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Gregor Mendel
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Who is known as "the father of genetics"
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Pea plant
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What plant did Gregor Mendel experiment with?
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Hemophilia, and colorblindness
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2 examples of sex-linked traits?b
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skin color, hair color, eye color
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2 examples of human polygenic traits?
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baldness, antlers, feather color
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2 examples of sex-influenced traits?
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Genetic disease present in unborn child.
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What may human karyotype be used to determine?
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A or B
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AB and O
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A B or AB
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AB and B
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B or O
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B and B
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A or O
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A and O
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O
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O and O
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A B AB or O
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A AND B
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Males have only one X chromosome, and if it carries the trait, they then have the trait. Females have two X chromosomes so they usually have a dominant normal X to suppress or hide the trait.
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Explain why sex-linked traits like colorblindness and hemophilia are more common in males than in females.
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Mendel stated that in the formation of sex cells, each sex cell receives only one allele of the gene.
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Mendel’s Law of Segregation.
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Genes found on different chromosomes are distributed independently of each other.
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Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment
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Since the brown-eyed allele is dominant to the blue –eyed allele, brown eyed parents could be heterozygous (carriers) of the blue-eyed allele, and therefore have a blue-eyed child. Blue-eyed parents can only form gametes with the recessive blue-eyed allele, and therefore only blue-eyed children are possible.
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Explain why brown-eyed parents can have blue-eyed children, but blue-eyed parents can only have blue-eyed children.
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O
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Most common blood type in US?
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AB
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Rarest blood type in US?
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The change of an organism’s genetic material that does not occur in a natural way
It can be used to produce medicines in large quantities such as insulin, and vaccines that provide immunity to diseases. |
What is genetic engineering?
Beneficial? |
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We may accidentally create altered organisms which could lead to epidemics of disease, or ones that are resistant to drugs or pesticides.
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Risks of genetic engineering.
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