Bio 161 Chapter 11

Front 1

Stem Cells

Back 1

Undifferentiated cells that divide and give rise to all formed elements

Front 2

Red Blood Cells

Back 2

without these you couldn't provide tissue with oxygen

Front 3

Agranulocytes

Back 3

a group of white cells that lack granules

Front 4

Basophills

Back 4

cells that stain purple and release histamine

Front 5

Histamine

Back 5

a compound that is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries.

Front 6

Formed Elements

Back 6

the platelets, white blood cells in blood

Front 7

Granulocytes

Back 7

leukocytes that contain granules in the cytoplasm and function to destroy invading bacteria or other pathogens

Front 8

White blood cells

Back 8

blood cells that remove waste, toxins, or damaged cells from body

Front 9

Platelets

Back 9

these come from megakaryocytes; a small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting.

Front 10

Plasmin

Back 10

this enzyme digests fibrin

Front 11

Plasma

Back 11

the fluid that makes up a little over half of the blood

Front 12

capillaries

Back 12

any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules

Front 13

eosinophils

Back 13

defense against parasites and hookworms

Front 14

erythropoietin

Back 14

increase cell count in elevation and is a hormone

Front 15

hemoglobin

Back 15

get carbon monoxide out and transport oxygen to bloodstream

Front 16

neutrophils

Back 16

white blood cell that is neurtrophic; most abundant and reduce spread of infection

Front 17

fibronogen

Back 17

protein activated by thrombin

Front 18

thrombin

Back 18

an enzyme in blood plasma that causes the clotting of blood by converting fibrinogen to fibrin

Front 19

Hemophilia

Back 19

a medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury. The condition is typically caused by a hereditary lack of a coagulation factor, most often factor VIII.

Front 20

precapillary sphinctors

Back 20

regulate bloodflow into capillary beds

Front 21

valves

Back 21

found in many veins that move blood to heart

Front 22

venules

Back 22

smallest veins when capillaries merge

Front 23

Left ventricle

Back 23

most blood needed in portion of heart

Front 24

diastolic pressure

Back 24

lowest blood pressure when ventricles are relaxing

Front 25

periosteum

Back 25

dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping bones on surface of joints

Front 26

Osteoblasts

Back 26

a cell that secretes the matrix for bone formation; cartilage to bone

Front 27

Osteocytes

Back 27

bone cell formed when osteoblast becomes embedded in bone

Front 28

Osteon

Back 28

central canal containing blood capillaries and concentric osseous llamellae around it occuring in compact bone (haversian system)

Front 29

lacuna

Back 29

cavity or depression in bone

Front 30

central canal

Back 30

cerebrospinal fluid cavity next to spine

Front 31

Yellow marrow

Back 31

with fat inside

Front 32

red marrow

Back 32

produce leukycytes and erythrocytes into bloodstream

Front 33

Bone matrix

Back 33

intercellular substance consisting of collagen fibers , ground substance and inorganic bone salt

Front 34

Canaliculi

Back 34

a small channel or duct

Front 35

fibroblasts

Back 35

cell in connective tissue that produces collagen and other fibers; invade and form cartilage in bone repair

Front 36

collagen

Back 36

protein in connective tissue

Front 37

cartilaginous callus

Back 37

material for bone repair, provisional and used after blood clot

Front 38

Tendons

Back 38

flexible but inelastic that connects muscle to bone

Front 39

myosin head

Back 39

major component of muscle contraction especially in thick filaments

Front 40

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Back 40

storage for calcium distribution

Front 41

mayofibril

Back 41

elongated cells in the striated muscle cells for contraction

Front 42

Troponin

Back 42

protein for contraction

Front 43

tropomyosin

Back 43

cover binding sites on actin when muscle fibers are relaxed

Front 44

actin

Back 44

protein that forms contractile protein filaments of muscles

Front 45

sarcomere

Back 45

structural unit of mayofibril in striated muscle, consists or dark bonds and near half of adjacent pale bonds

Front 46

Striated muscle

Back 46

tissue where connective fibers are in parallel bundles and are attached to the skeleton by tendons: it is a voluntary action

Front 47

T-Tubule

Back 47

invagination of plasma membrane of skeletal and cardiac muscles (invagination- the action or process of being turned inside out or folded back on itself to form a cavity or pouch)