Bio 156 Lesson 2

Front 1

define covalent bond

Back 1

ion sharing two electrons-strongest bonds

Front 2

define ionic bond

Back 2

a close association of ions

Front 3

define hydrogen bond

Back 3

a weak attraction that has formed between a covalently bonded hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom in a different molecule or in a different region of the same molecule

Front 4

List four ways that water contributes to the fitness of the environment

Back 4

Evaporation, solvent, temp stabilization

Front 5

Explain how water's expansion upon freezing affects both
aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

Back 5

crystlization, enhanced displacement. Keeps aquatic animals from freezing, but can kills cells with expansion of water inside of them

Front 6

Describe the basis for the pH scale.

Back 6

The measure of H+ atoms in a substance

Front 7

Tell how an acid differs from a base.

Back 7

Acid-H+ donator…..Base-H+ acceptor

Front 8

List the four major classes of biomolecules

Back 8

Simple sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides

Front 9

Describe how large carbohydrates are broken down into smaller units

Back 9

carbon backbone, two –OH groups with and aldehyde or ketone group

Front 10

Describe how lipids are broken down into smaller units

Back 10

fats are 1-3 fatty acids dangling from glycerol molecule

Front 11

Describe how nucleic acids are broken down into smaller units

Back 11

one sugar, at least 1 phosphate, and one nitrogen containing base. Ribose or dexoyribose is the sugar

Front 12

Describe how proteins broken down into smaller units

Back 12

amino acid, organic compound with amino group (-NH3+) a carboxyl group (-COO-), H, another atom in R group

Front 13

peptide bonds

Back 13

condensation reaction joins amino group of one amino acid with carboxyl group of another

Front 14

Secondary structure of proteins:

Back 14

Chains, twists, bends, folds
Alpha helix
Beta pleated sheet

Front 15

Tertiary structure of proteins:

Back 15

domain of stable polypeptide chain, determines function

Front 16

Quarternary structure of proteins

Back 16

globular structure, i.e. enzyme

Front 17

T/F. Prokaryotic cells have mitochondra

Back 17

False

Front 18

Nucleic acids

Back 18

uses monomers of nucleotides, covalent bond between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of the next. i.e. DNA, RNA

Front 19

Name accomplishments

Van Leeuwenhoek

Back 19

Known as father of microbiology, improvements on microscopes allowed him to visualize single celled organisms, discovered protists, spermatozoa, bacteria, banded pattern of muscle fibers

Front 20

Name accomplishments

Robert Hooke

Back 20

First person to use the term “cell” for basic unit of life, first, law of elasticity, works on combustion and respiration. Invented iris diaphragm.

Front 21

Name accomplishments

Schleiden and Schwann

Back 21

development of cell theory, discovery of schwann cells, invention of term metabolism, helped constitute cell theory, differentiation of tissues
Schleiden:stated plant cells form from the nuclei of old plant cells

Front 22

Name accomplishments

Virchow

Back 22

Every cell must come from one that already exists (rejection of spontaneous generation), cellular pathology, first to recognize leukemia, Virchows node,