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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a atom?
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smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element.
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What are the major particles of a atom?
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Subatomic particle are composed of electrons, protons, neutrons.
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What is a molecule made of?
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2 atoms of the same element.
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What is an element?
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substance consisting of one type of atom.
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what are the four major elements that form the bulk of body matter.
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Hydrogen,carbon,oxygen,nitrogen
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what is an Ion?
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an atom or molecule than have a + or -
charge, because they gain or lose electrons(cation/anion). |
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what is a Ionic bond?
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chemical bond created by electrical attractions between cation and anions.
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what is covalent bonds?
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share electrons with other atoms.
(sharing bonds) |
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what is ionization?
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when a molecule or atom gains either a cation(+) or anion(-) charge.
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What is a electrolyte?
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an ionic compound that breaks apart into cation and anion when dissolved and carries an electrical charge.
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what is inorganic compound?
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compound that do not contain carbon and hydrogen rings or chains.
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Explain synthesis reaction.
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makes larger molecules from smaller ones. (A+B ----> AB) builds bond
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Explain decomposition reaction.
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breaks molecules into smaller fragments (AB ---> A+B) break bonds,
it releases energy. |
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What is an Acid?
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substance that breaks apart in a solution to release hydrogen ions.
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What is a base?
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a substance that removes hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions from a solution.
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what is salt?
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ionic compound consisting of any cation except hydrogen ion, and any anion except hydroxide ion.
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what is pH?
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concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution(range 0-14)
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what is normal pH of blood?
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7.35--7.45
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Distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases.
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Strong acids and bases disassociates completely
Weak acids and bases do not disassociates completely. |
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what is a subscript?
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the number following a elements abbreviation
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what is a superscript?
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Its a + or - sign following the the elements abbreviation( Na+Cl-)
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What is a polyatomic ion?
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charge particle containing 2 or more covalent bonded atoms that remain together through most chemical reactions.
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define buffers.
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Substances that prevent a change in the pH.
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What are the 3 major buffer systems in the human body?
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phosphates, bicarbonate, and proteins.
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what is organic compound?
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composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, they are larger than inorganic compounds.
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what is a monomer?
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a molecule that can combine with others to form a polymer.
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what is a polymer?
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a larger molecule consisting of a chain of subunits(monomers).
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what is dehydration synthesis?
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the formation of complex molecules by the removal of water.
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what is hydrolysis?
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the breakage of a chemical bond through the addition of a water molecule.
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what is a monosaccharide?
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a simple sugar, carbohydrate containing 3-7 carbon atoms
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what is a disaccharide?
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2 monosaccharides joined together.
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what is glycogen?
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animal fat, polysaccharides composed of interconnected glucose molecules.
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what is unsaturated fat?
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a fat in which some carbons are linked by dbl bonds(liquid @ room temp).
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what is saturated fat?
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four single covalent bonds of each carbon atom permit each neighboring carbon to link to each other and to the hydrogen atom(solid @ room temp)
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what are essential amino acids?
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20 amino acids necessary for the body and can't be synthesis, must be in diet.
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what is denatured?
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a change in the 3-D shape of a protein structure.
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what is DNA?
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a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms.(deoxyribose, nitrogenous base, phosphate)
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what is RNA?
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is a biologically important type of molecule that consists of a long chain of nucleotide units (ribose, nitrogenous base, phosphate)
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what are carbohydrate made of?
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sugars(monosaccharides)
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what are lipids made from?
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glycerol, fatty acids
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what are proteins made of?
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amino acids
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what are nucleic acids made of?
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nucleotides
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what is activation energy?
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the amount of energy to start a reaction.
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what is a catalyst?
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compounds that accelerate chemical reaction without themselves being permanently changed.
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what is the term substrate?
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a participant in a enzyme catalyst reaction.
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what is a active site of an enzyme?
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where a substrate binds in a certain place on the enzyme.
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what is meant by enzyme specificity?
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enzymes will catalyze only one particular reaction.
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what is acidosis?
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blood pH below 7.35
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what is alkalosis?
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blood pH above 7.45
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what is freezing point in Celsius?
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0 degrees Celsius
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what is normal body temp in Celsius?
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37 degrees Celsius
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what is the boiling point in Celsius?
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100 degrees Celsius
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what is milli?(subdivision)
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1/1000 of base
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what is centi?(subdivision)
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1/100 of base
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what is deci?(subdivision)
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1/10 of base
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metric term for length?
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meters
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metric term for volume?
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liters
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metric term for mass/weight?
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grams
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what is normal body temp in Celsius?
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37 degrees Celsius
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what is deca?(multiples)
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10x base
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what is hecto?(multiples)
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100x base
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what is kilo?(multiples)
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1000x base
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define anatomy.
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body parts-their forms and organization. from Greek and Latin
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define physiology.
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the functions of body parts-what they do and how they do it.
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define homeostasis.
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maintaining physiological limits of the internal environment.
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what are the 3 components of the feed back system?
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receptors, control center(integration), effector
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what is positive feed back?
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A positive feedback mechanism is when an action causes a reaction, and the reaction causes more of the action.(not very important in homeostasis.
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what is negative feed back?
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response to the stimulus is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity.
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what is an isotope?
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are atoms that contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
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what is an radioisotope?
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radioactive isotopes of elements.
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what is kinetic energy?
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energy in motion
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what is a compound?
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2 or more atoms of different elements
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how many types of covalent bonds are there?
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single bond
dbl bond triple bond |
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define disassociation.
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ionic compound dissolved in water into cations(+) and anions(-).
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levels of structural organization that make up the human body?
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1 chemical,2 organelle,3 cells,
4 tissues, 5 organ, 6 organ system, 7 organism |
