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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the primary function of backbone?
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To protect the spinal cord
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Two Zones of Spinal Cord
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Gray matter
White matter |
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Gray matter
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inner layer
contains interneurons and cell bodies of motor neurons |
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White Matter
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outer layer
contains axons and dendrites of nerve cells |
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Two systems of spinal cord
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Parasympathetic - after fight or flight
Sympatheitc - fight or flight response |
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What part of the brain triggers fight or flight?
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Hypothalmus
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4 characteristics of Kindom Plantae
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autotrophic
multicellular cell walls (cellulose) most reproduce sexually |
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4 Groups of Plants
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nonvascular
seedless vascular plants gymnosperms angiosperms |
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Nonvascular
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no vascular tissues to thransport food or water
examples: mosses, liverworts, hornworts |
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Nonvascular: Moss Characteristics
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Nonvascular
h2o reaches leaves via diffusion (diffusion is limited by distance) therefore mosses are short need H2O to reproduce |
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Seedless vascular plants
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contain xylem and phloem
example: ferns |
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Seedless vascular plants: Fern Characteristics
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vascular = height = more sun
need H2O to reproduce |
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2 types of vascular tissues and their function
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Xylem: transports H2O
Phloem: transports sugars |
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Gymnosperms
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xylem, phloem, naked seeds
no protection for seeds examples: conifers, cycads |
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Angiosperms
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xylem, phloem, seeds, flowers
protected seeds by fruits examples: flowering plants flowers are genitals of plants **most sucessful** |
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List plant types in order of evolution`
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nonvascular
seedless vascular gymnosperms angiosperms |
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Haplodiplontic
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multicellular in both stages of life cycle
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2 stages of Plant life cycle
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Gametophyte (haploid)
Sporophyte (diploid) |
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2 processes that border stages of life cycle
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sporophyte -> meiosis -> gametophyte
gametophyte -> fertilization -> sporophyte |
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Spore
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Spores result from the meiosis stage of life cycle but are not reproductive cells until they undergo mitosis.
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Moss Life Cycle (nonvascular)
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Haploid is dominant
need H2O zygote develops in archegonium spoorophyte bursts releasing haploid spores |
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Antheridium
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Male organ of plant which produces sperm.
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Achegonium
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Female organ of plant which produces the egg.
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Fern Life Cycle (seedless vascular)
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Sorus forms on leaf, then undergoes meiosis producing spores. Spores undergo mitosis.
Archgonium is heart shaped. Fertilization takes place in archegonium (gametophyte stage) and the fern grows from it. |
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Sori
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diploid converted to haploid spores which bursts to release the spores that then go through mitosis
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Rhizome
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undergrown root
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Gymnosperm Life Cycle: Male (pollen) cone
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Male (pollen) cone - sperm use wind to spread and are contained in pollen sacs
needs no H2O to reproduce!!! |
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Gymnosperm Life Cycle: Female (ovulate) cone
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plant embryo forms here
a seed comes from female cone which is a protective coating around embryo |
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Gymnosperm Life Cycle: Pollination
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pollen stick to female cone
needs no H2O to reproduce!!! |
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Gymnosperm Life Cycle: Embryo fertilization
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takes 15 months after pollination for fertilization to occur
embryos stay within cone until environmental conditions are peak for growth |
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Angiosperm Life Cycle
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diploid dominate - main body is diploid
flowers produce haploid sperm (anther) and egg (ovary) |
