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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of the skeletal system
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Support
Protection Locomotion Production Mineral Storage |
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Haversian System or Osteon
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Skeleton inner ear
Functions: support Strength Protection RBCs |
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Haversian System consists of
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Matrix
Osteocytes Haversian Canal and canaliculi |
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Chrondroblasts
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Building
1. Build cartilage Models (fetus) 2.Near epiphysis at growth plate |
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Osteoblasts
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Build Bone
Replace Cartilage (ossification) Build Bone on diaphysis side of growth plate |
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Osteocytes
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Bone Cells
Maintain Matrix |
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Osteoclasts
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Break Down Bone
1. Recycling 2. Injury |
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Human skeletal regions
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Axial- 80 bones
Appendicular- 126 bones |
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3 types of joints
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Fibrous
Cartilaginous Synovial |
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Synovial Joints
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Bone to Bone
Dense Connective tissue Synovial Fluid |
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Osteoarthritis
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Inflammation
Articular Cartilages Aging |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Autoimmune Disease-
Inflammation Articular Cartilages Any Age |
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Osteoporosis
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Loss of hydroxyapatite crystals
-osteoblast activity decreased osteoclast activity increased Skeleton Weakens Bone fractures common dowagers hump |
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Osteoporosis prevention
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exercise
calcium/vitamin d no smoking avoid excess alcohol |
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Spina Bifida
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Spinal foramen does not close
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Bone Fracture/healing
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sever sudden force
1.blood clot 2.chondrocytes migrate 3.collagen deposited osteoblasts deposit calcium complete healing |
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Muscular System Functions
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Movement
Posture Digestion Circulation Storage Regulation |
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4 Characteristics of muscle tissue
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1. stimulate
2. contract 3. relax 4. stretch |
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3 types of muscle tissue
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Cardiac
Smooth Skeletal |
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Components of a Skeletal Muscle Cell
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Sarcolemma
Nuclei Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Myofibrils |
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Sarcomere
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Contains Actin/myosin
z-line to z-line |
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Myosin
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thick filaments
Two protein coils with a head |
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Actin
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Thin filaments, actin,tropomyosin,troponin
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How does a muscle contract?
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sarcomere shortens
Sliding filament theory |
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Steps to Muscle Contraction
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1.nerve impulse
2.neuromuscular junction 3.synapse 4.acetylcholine from nerve 5.impulse- to t-tubles 6.sarcoplasmic reticulum 7.calcium to troponin 8.myosin binds/crossbridge 9.ATP release energy |
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Muscle Relaxation
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Nerve impulse ceases
calcium ions reabsorbed myosin head detaches no atp z lines retreat |
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Muscle Cramps
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Dehydration
Ion imblance |
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Muscle Soreness
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Microscopic tears in muscle tissue
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Pulled or torn muscle
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cells are torn away from each other
internal bleeding |
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Atrophy
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disuse of muscle resulting in reduction of size
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Muscle paralysis
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loss of nerve stimulation
-damage to spinal cord -paralytic poisons |
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Benefits of exercise on muscles and bones
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muscular strength
endurance flexibility |
