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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Def. Endomembrane System
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A system of connected membranous compartments found in eukaryotic cells.
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Def. Central Vacuoloe
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A large, membrane-bounded sac found in plant cells that stores proteins, pigments, and waste materials and is involved in water balance.
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Def. Vesicle
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A small intracellular, membrane-bounded sac in which various substances are transported or stored.
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Def. Chromosome
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The vehicle by which hereditary information is physically transmitted from one generation to the next; in a bacterium, the chromosome consists of a single naked circle of DNA; in eurkaryotes, each chromosome consists of a single linear DNA molecule and associated proteins.
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Def. Cytoskeleton
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A network of protein microfilaments and microtubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that maintains the shape of the cell, anchors its organelles, and is involved in animal cell motility.
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Def. Nucleus in Latin
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"Kernel" or "nut"
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Def. Nucleus in atoms
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The central core, containing positively charged protons and (in all but hydrogen) electrically neutral neutrons;
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Def. Nucleus in Eukaryotic Cells
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The membranous organelle that houses the chromosomal DNA
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Def. Nucleus in the Central Nervous System
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A cluster of nerve cell bodies.
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Def. Nucleolus in Eukaryotes
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The site of rRNA synthesis; a spherical body composed chiefly of rRNA in the process of being transcribed from multiple copies of rRNA genes.
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Def. Nuclear Envelope
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The bounding structure of the eukaryotic nucleus. Composed of two phospholipid bilayers with the outer one connected to the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Def. Nuclear Pore
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One of a multitude of tiny but complex openings in the nuclear envelope that allow selective passage of proteins and nucleic acids into and out of the nucleus.
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In Nuclear Pores passage is restricted primarily to what two kinds of molecules?
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(1) proteins moving into the nucleus to be incorporated into nuclear structures or to catalyze nuclear activities and (2) RNA and RNA–protein complexes formed in the nucleus and exported to the cytoplasm.
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What is the inner surface of the nuclear envelope covered with?
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The nuclear lamins. This structure gives the nucleus its hsape and is also involved in the deconstruction and reconstruction of the nuclear envelope that accompanies cell division.
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Def. Chromatin
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The complex of DNA and proteins of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed; Chromatic is highly uncoiled and diffuse in interphase nuclei, condensing to form the visible chromosomes in prophase.
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Def. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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A class of RNA molecules found, together with characteristic proteins, in ribosomes; transcribed from the DNA of the nucleolus.
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Def. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
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The RNA transcribed from structural genes; RNA molecules complementary to a portion of one strand of DNA, which are translated by the ribosomes to form protein.
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Def. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
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A class of small RNAs (About 80 nucleotides) with two functional sites; at one site, an "activating enzyme" adds a specific amino acid, while the other site carries the nucleotide triplet (anticodon) specific for that amino acid.
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Why are ribosomes thought of as "universal organelles"
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They are found in all cell types from all three domains of life.
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Def. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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Internal membrane system that forms a netlike array of channels and interconnections within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The ER is divided into Rough (RER) and smooth (SER) compartments.
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Def. Endoplasmic
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"within the cytoplasm"
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Def. reticulum in Latin
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"a little net"
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Def. Cisternal Space
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The inner region of a membrane-bounded structure. Usually used to describe the interior of the endoplasmic reticulum; also called the lumen.
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Def. Lumen
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A term for any bounded opening; for example, the cisternal space of the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells, the passage through which blood flows inside a blood vessel, and the passage through which material moves inside the intestine during digestion.
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Def. Rough ER (RER)
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ER that gets its name from its surface appearance, which is pebbly due to the presence of ribosomes.
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Def. Glycoprotein
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Protein molecule modified within the Golgi complex by having a short sugar chain (polysaccharide) attached.
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Def. Smooth ER (SER)
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Regions of the ER with relatively few bound ribosomes.
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What is SER used to store?
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Ca2+
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Def. Golgi Body
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A collectin of Flattened stacks of membranes in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells; functions in collection, packagin, and distribution of molecules synthesized in the cell.
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Collectively what are the Golgi Bodies referred too?
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Golgi Apparatus
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