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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Cellulae latin for?
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"small rooms"
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What is the first Principle of Cell Theory?
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All organisms are composed of one or more cells, and the life processes of metabolism and heredity occur within these cells.
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What is the second Principle of Cell Theory?
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Cells are the smallest living things, the basic units of organization of all organisms.
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What is the third Principle of Cell Theory?
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Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell.
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Cells are relatively small.
Why? |
Diffusion
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Rate of Diffusion is affected by what four things?
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(1) surface area available for diffusion
(2) temperature (3) concentration gradient of diffusing substance (4) the distance over which diffusion must occur. |
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Do small cells have the greater advantage or bigger cells?
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Small
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Small cell advantage is apparent in terms of what?
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Surface area-to-volume ratio
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What allows visualization of cells and components?
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Microscopes
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What are four structural fundamentals of all cells?
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(1) a nucleoid or nucleus where genetic material is located
(2) cytoplasm (3) ribosomes to synthesize proteins (4) a plasma membrane. |
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Where does most of the genetic material lie in a *prokaryote*?
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In a single circular molecule of DNA, typically near the center of the cell in an area called the nucleoid.
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Where does the genetic material lie in an *Eukaryote?
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within the Nuclear Envelope-a double membraned structure.
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What is cytoplasm?
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A semifluid matrix that fills the interior of the cells
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What does cytoplasm contain?
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All of the sugars, amino acids, and proteins the cell uses to carry out its everyday activities
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What is an *organelle*?
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Any discrete macromolecular structure in the cytoplasm specialized for a particular function
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What is the *cytosol*?
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The part of the cytoplasm that contains organic molecules and ions in solution.
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What does the *plasma membrane* do?
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Encloses a cell and separates its contents from its surroundings.
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Transport proteins do what?
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Transport proteins help molecules and ions move across the plasma membrane, either from the environment to the interior of the cell or vice versa.
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Receptor Proteins do what?
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Receptor proteins induce changes within the cell when they come in contact with specific molecules in the environment, such as hormones, or with molecules on the surface of neighboring cells.
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