Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
319 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
an exercise in which the patient takes a deep breath and forcibly exhale maximally as possible is known as
|
forced vital capacity
|
|
|
tissue lining the larynx
|
psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
|
|
|
component of respiratory system that is thoracic
|
lower respiratory tract
|
|
|
the lower the ph the higher or lower the H+ concentration
|
higher
|
|
|
black lung seen in local miners belongs to which category of pulmonary disease
|
pneumoconiosis
|
|
|
a symptom of patients with long term pulmonary disease which described the appearance of the ends of their fingers
|
clubbed fingers
|
|
|
when diaphragm contracts, does the intrapleural pressure become more positive or negative
|
negative
|
|
|
a term that describes dead tissue with a cheese like appearance
|
caseous necrosis
|
|
|
which would be greater, the percent oxygen saturation of hemoglobin if the metabolic rate is higher or lower
|
lower
|
|
|
what percent of oxygen is dissolved in plasma
|
1.5%
|
|
|
a disease that causes the destruction of alveolar walls and loss of elasticity of lungs
|
emphysema
|
|
|
whats the major product of type II alveolar cells
|
surfactant
|
|
|
the higher the ph the higher or lower the H+ concentration
|
lower
|
|
|
type of atelectasis caused by air trapped in the alveoli diffusing out of the alveolus
|
absorption or obstruction
|
|
|
what is the name for HCO3-
|
bicarbonate ion
|
|
|
the lower the ph the higher or lower the acidity
|
higher
|
|
|
the accumulation of air entering the pleural cavity causing the lungs to collapse
|
pneumothorax
|
|
|
which mode of transportation typified tuberculosis
|
airborne
|
|
|
does the total lung capacity TLC increase or decrease due to tuberculosis
|
decrease
|
|
|
compared to the atmospheric (alveolar) air pressure, the intrapleural pressure must be _________ in order to inhale
|
negative
|
|
|
primary cause of COPD
|
smoking
|
|
|
approx what % of CO2 is carried by Hgb
|
20%
|
|
|
a thich fibrous capsule filled w/ creamy cheese like material
|
tubercle
|
|
|
what % of alveolar cells are type II
|
5%
|
|
|
a foreign object such as a blood clot which lodges in the pulmonary arteries
|
pulmonary embolism
|
|
|
what specific tissue makes up the visceral pleura
|
simple squamous epithelium
|
|
|
once in the lungs, which way does the chloride ion go relative to the erythrocyte
|
out
|
|
|
at rest how much oxygen bound to hgb is delivered to the tissues
|
5ml/dl plasma
|
|
|
what % of atmospheric gases is contributed by water vapor
|
0.46%
|
|
|
this form of lung cancer constitutes approx 30%
|
squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
|
a condition in which the R ventricle is damaged due to long term pulmonary disease
|
cor pulmonale
|
|
|
compared to the lungs the tissues are warmer or cooler
|
warmer
|
|
|
how does surfactant make it easier to breath
|
reduces surface tension of water
|
|
|
what % of lung cancer is caused by squamous cell carcinoma
|
30%
|
|
|
tissue lining the trachea
|
psuedostratified ciliated solumnar epithelium
|
|
|
is inspiration at rest accomplished with or without muscle contraction
|
with
|
|
|
to which component of the respiratory system do the bronchi and bronchioles belong
|
lower respiratory tract
|
|
|
what is the typical partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the pulmonary veins
|
40 mm Hg
|
|
|
what is the typical partial pressure of CO2 in the veins
|
45 mm Hg
|
|
|
78.6% of our atmosphere is compromised of which gas
|
nitrogen
|
|
|
in which structures of the lungs does most gas exchange occur
|
alveoli
|
|
|
once in the lungs which way does bicarbonate ion go relative to the erythocyte
|
in
|
|
|
an insensitive epithet sadly given to patients wit emphysema
|
pink puffers
|
|
|
what would be the result of a patient which 50 square meters for the combined surface area for the capillaries of the lungs
|
hypoxia
|
|
|
which tissue type makes up the capillary endothelium of the respiratory membrane
|
simple squamous
|
|
|
during the chloride shift for erythrocytes in the tissues (away from the lungs) which way does the chloride ion go relative to the cell
|
in
|
|
|
an elevation in the number of RBCs may cause skin to have a pinkish color
|
polycythemia
|
|
|
which is the least abundant cell type of the alveoli
|
type II cells
|
|
|
name the lining of the thoracic wall
|
parietal pleura
|
|
|
the typical treatment for atelectasis
|
deep breathing exercise
|
|
|
a condition in which a diver loses reason and logic without any warning symptoms due to a drop in the levels of oxygen due to its displacement by another gas under extreme pressure
|
nitrogen narcosis
|
|
|
measuring volumes and capacities of the respiratory system is known as
|
spirometry
|
|
|
the most common form of metastatic tumors of the lung originate from what tissue
|
breast
|
|
|
as blood moves from the arterial end of a tissue capillary towards the venous end, the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve will shift to the
|
right
|
|
|
amount of air inhaled per minute
|
minute ventilation
|
|
|
typical volume of air inhaled at rest
|
500 ml
|
|
|
whats the value for the max amount of air exhaled after maximum inhalation
|
4800 ml
|
|
|
which layer of the respiratory membrane is second from the alveolar lumen
|
alveolar epithelium
|
|
|
because the lungs don't collapse for emphysema patients they demonstrate ______ expiratiorn
|
labored
|
|
|
the surface tension of water is caused by
|
attractive forces of water molecules
|
|
|
nonpolar compounds such as CO2 do or don't cross the blood brain barrier easily
|
do
|
|
|
type of atelectasis caused by the retraction of scar tissue
|
contraction
|
|
|
an allergic inflammation of the lungs with bronchospasms and mucus production
|
asthma
|
|
|
the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during 1 normal breath is known as
|
tidal volume
|
|
|
which compounds normally found int he body has the 2nd greatest effect on respiration rates
|
CO2
|
|
|
type of organism causes most of hospital acquired pneumonia
|
gram negative bacteria
|
|
|
normal respiratory rate of an adult
|
12-18 breaths per minute
|
|
|
will fever cause hgb to bind or release oxygen
|
release
|
|
|
areas in the respiratory system in which no gas exchange occurs are known as
|
dead air space
|
|
|
this area smooths out the transition between inspiration and expiration
|
pontine respiratory centers
|
|
|
does total lung capacity increase or decrease due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
|
increase
|
|
|
which cell type makes up 95% of alveoli
|
type I cells
|
|
|
layer adhering to te outside of the lungs
|
visceral pleura
|
|
|
one of the major forces facilitating inhalation is negative _____ pressure
|
intrapleural
|
|
|
how thick is the respiratory membrane
|
0.5 um
|
|
|
the typical partial pressure of CO2 in the arteries
|
40 mm Hg
|
|
|
which layer of respiratory membrane is fifth from the alveolar lumen
|
capillary basement membrane
|
|
|
how much blood is found in the capillaries of the lungs
|
120 ml
|
|
|
whats the norm value for the % of vital capacity that is exhaled in 1 second
|
75-85%
|
|
|
what effect on AVR does rapid shallow breathing have
|
decrease
|
|
|
the % of vital capacity that is exhaled in 1 sec is known as
|
forced expiratory volume
|
|
|
a compounf produced by the alveoli that makes it easier to breath
|
surfactant
|
|
|
does an increase in temp cause Hgb to bind or release oxygen
|
release
|
|
|
does the functional reserve capacity increase or decrease due to tuberculosis
|
decrease
|
|
|
what tissue makes up most of the alveolar walls
|
simple squamous epithelium
|
|
|
give the value for the total lung capacity
|
6000 ml
|
|
|
what specific tissue makes up the parietal pleura
|
simple squamous epithelium
|
|
|
the medical term for a collapsed lung
|
atelectasis
|
|
|
which of the lung cancers demonstrates the poorest prognosis
|
small (oat) cell carcinoma
|
|
|
pus in pleural cavity is known as
|
empyema
|
|
|
which cells of the lung tissue causes allergic reactions
|
mast cells
|
|
|
the max amount of air exhaled after max inhalation
|
vital capacity
|
|
|
areas such as pharynx in which no gas exchange occurs are known as
|
anatomical dead air space
|
|
|
how does surfactant have it's effect
|
reduces the surface tension of water
|
|
|
in the human where does Hgb release oxygen
|
tissues
|
|
|
when diapgragm contracts does intrapleural volume increase or decrease
|
increases
|
|
|
what enzyme is responsible for converting CO2 plus H20 into carbonic acid and vise versa
|
carbonic anhydrase
|
|
|
a potentially fatal condition characterized by caseous necrosis and airborne transmission
|
tuberculosis
|
|
|
does an increase in CO2 cause Hgb to bind or release oxygen
|
release
|
|
|
during the chloride shift for erythocytes in the tissues, which way does the bicarbonate ion go relative to the cell
|
out
|
|
|
what % of atmospheric gases is contributed by oxygen
|
20.9%
|
|
|
in the fetus where does Hgb bind to oxygen
|
placenta
|
|
|
the process in which a bicarbonate ion is exchanged for a chloride ion is known as
|
chloride shift
|
|
|
approx what % of CO2 is found in the form of carbonic acid H2CO3
|
70%
|
|
|
the max amount of air inhaled beyond tidal volume is known as
|
inspiratory reserve volume
|
|
|
common phagocytic cells of the lung tissues are known as
|
macrophage
|
|
|
% of atmospheric gases is contributed by nitrogen
|
78.6%
|
|
|
pathological changes in lungs due to inhalation of particles is known as
|
pneumoconiosis
|
|
|
the process by which more CO2 can bind with hemoglobin under conditions of low oxygen levels is known as
|
haldane effect
|
|
|
what % of oxygen can be delivered to the tissues during heavy exercise as compared to that delivered at rest
|
66%
|
|
|
the fact that in a mix of gases each gas contributes to total pressure is known as
|
dalton's law of partial pressure
|
|
|
which way will the oxy-Hgb dissociation curve shift to indicate that Hgb will release oxygen
|
right
|
|
|
at what location of the postnatal body is the oxy-hgb dissociation curve typically shifted to the left
|
lungs
|
|
|
does the functional reserve capacity increase or decrease due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
|
increase
|
|
|
an abnorm increase in CO2 will cause an increase in _______ resulting in acidosis
|
Hydrogen ions
|
|
|
of all bronchogenic carcinomas which demonstrates an avg survival time of only 9-10 months past diagnosis
|
small (oat) cell carcinoma
|
|
|
which layer of the respiratory membrane is 3rd from the alveolar lumen
|
alveolar basement membrane
|
|
|
0.04% of our atmospher is comprised of which gas
|
CO2
|
|
|
a condition caused by the formation of bubbles in the blood due to a sudden reduction in pressure
|
the bends or decompression
|
|
|
what is H2CO3
|
carbonic acid
|
|
|
what causes 1/3 of the collapsing forces of the lungs
|
elastic forces of the lungs
|
|
|
a relatively mild or self limiting form of pneumonia is
|
viral
|
|
|
what type of values would you expect with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
|
lower
|
|
|
20.9% of our atmosphere is comprised of which gas
|
oxygen
|
|
|
this area regulates breathing rhythms during sleeping
|
pontine respiratory centers
|
|
|
which cell type makes up 5% of the alveoli
|
type II cells
|
|
|
a left shift in the oxy-Hgb dissociation curve is caused by an increase or decrease in hydrogen ion concentration
|
decrease
|
|
|
2 or more respiratory or pulmonary volumes are known as
|
pulmonary capacities
|
|
|
which of the alveolar cells produce surfactant
|
type II
|
|
|
amount of gas reaching the alveoli is known as
|
ventilation
|
|
|
primary cause of lung cancer in absolute numbers is
|
smoking
|
|
|
what is the typical partial pressure of oxy in the pulmonary arteries
|
40 mm Hg
|
|
|
which cells of the lung tissues most closely resemble basophils
|
mast cells
|
|
|
typical partial pressure of oxy in the pulmonary veins
|
100 mm Hg
|
|
|
an inhibitory signal cuts off inspiratory efforts if the lungs overfill
|
hering-breuer or inflation reflex
|
|
|
amount of blood flow in the pulmonary capillaries in known as
|
perfusion
|
|
|
enxyme carbonic anhydrase is mainly found in the erythrocytes in _________
|
kidney tubules
|
|
|
where are tumors typically in small cell or oat cell carcinoma
|
centrally
|
|
|
name the tissue type that lines the upper respiratory tract
|
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
|
|
|
does an increase in CO2 increase or decrease ventilation rate
|
increase
|
|
|
an area at the base of the internal carotid arteries which contain a large group of chemoreceptors
|
carotid bodies
|
|
|
whats the typical partial pressure of oxy in the arteries
|
100 mm Hg
|
|
|
a left shift in the oxy-Hgb dissociation curve is caused by an increase or decrease in fetal Hgb
|
increase
|
|
|
which cells of the lung tissues produce histamine
|
mast cells
|
|
|
is forced expiration during exercise accomplished with or without muscle contraction
|
with
|
|
|
give the combined alveolar surface area
|
70 m2
|
|
|
most of the air that is subjected to gas exchange is referred to as
|
alveolar air
|
|
|
the max amount of air exhaled beyond tidal volume is known as
|
expiratory reserve volume
|
|
|
will prolonged vomiting cause Hgb to bind or release oxygen
|
bind
|
|
|
give the norm value for alveolar ventilation rate
|
4200 ml/min
|
|
|
the higher the ph the higher or lower the acidity
|
lower
|
|
|
these inhibit the action potentials sent to the diaphragm
|
expiratory neurons
|
|
|
where are the tumors typically found in adenocarcinomas
|
periphery
|
|
|
for the carbonic anhydrase equation, what happens to the CO2 levels if the hydrogen ion levels decrease
|
decreases
|
|
|
the haldane effect allows for the eventual removal of
|
hydrogen ions and CO2
|
|
|
what tissue lines the nasal cavities
|
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
|
|
|
a right shift int he oxy-Hgb dissociation curve is caused by an increase or decrease in temp
|
increase
|
|
|
does residual volume increase or decrease due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
|
increase
|
|
|
what saturation level does arterial blood reach
|
97%
|
|
|
what tissue lines pharynx
|
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
|
|
|
a symptom of patients with long term pulmonary disease which described the appearance of their enlarged thoracic cavity
|
barrel-chested
|
|
|
a right shift in the oxy-Hgb curve is caused by an increase or decrease in hydrogen ions concentration
|
increase
|
|
|
tumors originating elsewhere in the body are said to be
|
metastatic
|
|
|
compared to the tissues the lungs have more or less hydrogen ions
|
less
|
|
|
Hgb bound to CO2 is known as
|
carbaminohemoglobin
|
|
|
which of the bronchogenic cancers tends not to be very responsive to therapy
|
large cell (undifferentiated) carcinoma
|
|
|
give the location for the pontine respiratory center
|
pons
|
|
|
does an increase in ventilation rate or volume increase AVR more efficiently
|
volume
|
|
|
how many times more oxy can be delivered to the tissues during heavy exercise as compared to that delivered at rest
|
3
|
|
|
does a decrease in diphosphoglycerate cause Hgb to bind or release oxy
|
bine
|
|
|
compared to the lungs the tissues have more or less diphosphoglycerate
|
more
|
|
|
what tissue type makes up type I alveolar cells
|
simple squamous epithelium
|
|
|
what happens to the diameter of a pulmonary arteriole of ventilation is low
|
vasoconstriction
|
|
|
compared to the lungs the tissues have more or less hydrogen ions
|
more
|
|
|
approx what % of pulmonary embolisms originate in the femoral or calf veins
|
90%
|
|
|
the higher the ph the higher or lower the alkalinity
|
higher
|
|
|
what type of organism causes the most o the community acquired pneumonia
|
gram positive streococcus
|
|
|
an insensitive epithet sadly given to patients with long term bronchitis
|
blue bloaters
|
|
|
a left shift in the oxy-hgb dissociation curve is caused by an increase or decrease in CO2
|
decrease
|
|
|
does a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration cause hgb to bind or release oxygen
|
bind
|
|
|
does an increase in hydrogen ions increase or decrease ventilation rate
|
increase
|
|
|
a genetic disease in which excessive mucus production causing respiratory and gastrointestinal problems
|
cystic fibrosis
|
|
|
at what location of the fetal body is the oxy-hgb dissociation curve typically shifted to the left
|
placenta
|
|
|
what tissue lines the bronchioles
|
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
|
|
|
give the norm values for forced expiratory volume
|
75-85%
|
|
|
a type of atelactasis caused by the displacement of the pleural cavity by a tumor, fluid, or air within the pleural cavity
|
compression
|
|
|
a condition in which there is abnormally low levels of CO2 in the blood
|
hypocapnia
|
|
|
tissue lining the bronchi
|
psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
|
|
|
general term for the various forms of lung cancers
|
bronchogenic carcinomas
|
|
|
typical partial pressure of oxy in veins
|
40 mm Hg
|
|
|
areas such as larynx in which no gas exchange occurs are known as
|
anatomical dead air space
|
|
|
one of the major forces facilitating inhalation is ______ intrapleural pressure
|
negative
|
|
|
what is produced when CO2 binds in H2O
|
carbonic acid
|
|
|
what is the value for the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during 1 norm breath
|
500 ml
|
|
|
which would be greater % of oxy saturation of Hgb if ph is 7.6 or 7.2
|
7.6
|
|
|
for the carbonic anhydrase equation, what happens to the hydrogen ion levels f the CO2 levels decrease
|
decreases
|
|
|
give the location for the ventral respiratory group
|
medulla oblongata
|
|
|
as blood moves from arterial end of an alveolar capillary towards the venous end the oxy-hgb dissociation curve will shift to
|
the left
|
|
|
at what location of the body is the oxy-hgb dissocation curve shifted to the right
|
tissues
|
|
|
for the carbonic anhydrase equation what happens to the hydrogen ion levels if the CO2 levels increase
|
increases
|
|
|
type of pneumonia with poor prognosis
|
hospital acquired
|
|
|
what is the typical partial pressure of CO2 in pulmonary arteries
|
45 mm Hg
|
|
|
does the forced expiratory volume increase or decrease with obstructive diseased such as asthma
|
decrease
|
|
|
what is most superficial, closest to lumen, layer of respiratory membrane
|
fluid
|
|
|
of all bronchogenic carcinomas which demonstrate a 5 yr survival rate of less than 5% and has the highest correlation w/ smoking
|
small (oat) cell carcinoma
|
|
|
asbestosis belongs to which category of pulmonary diseases
|
pneumoconiosis
|
|
|
will pulmonary disease cause Hgb to bind or release oxy
|
release
|
|
|
does an increase of Hgb cause Hgb to bind or release oxy
|
bind
|
|
|
an area throughout the aortic arch which contain a large group of chemoreceptors
|
aortic bodies
|
|
|
a right shift in the oxy-hgb dissociation curve is caused by and increase or decrease in CO2
|
increase
|
|
|
does an increase in diphosphoglycerate cause hgb to bind or release oxy
|
release
|
|
|
areas such as the bronchi in which no gas exchange occurs are known as
|
anatomical dead space
|
|
|
dead air space due to disease which is adhered to anatomical dead air space is known as
|
physiological dead air space
|
|
|
which specific area of the CNS integrates signals from peripheral stretch and chemoreceptors and sends info to the respiratory centers of the brain
|
dorsal respiratory group
|
|
|
hgb bound to carbon monoxide is known as
|
carboxyhemoglobin
|
|
|
does the functional reserve capacity increase or decrease to fibrosis
|
decrease
|
|
|
smoking increases a persons risk of lung cancer by how much
|
25 times
|
|
|
the enzyme carbonic anhydrase is mainly found in the _____ and kidney tubules
|
erythrocytes
|
|
|
an inflammation of the linings of the lungs and thoracic cavity often accompanied by the accumulation of fluids
|
pleurisy
|
|
|
what nerve transmits signals from aortic chemoreceptors to the respiratory center
|
vagus
|
|
|
% of oxy is carries/bound to hgb
|
98.5%
|
|
|
which would be greater, % of oxy saturation of Hgb if the temp is 37 degrees centigrade or 45 degrees centigrade
|
37
|
|
|
a left shift in the oxy-hgb dissociation curve is caused by an increase or decrease in temp
|
decrease
|
|
|
a left shift in the oxy-hgb dissociation curve is caused by an increase or decrease in diphosphoglycerate
|
decrease
|
|
|
which compound normally found in the body has the greatest effect on respiration rates
|
hydrogen ions
|
|
|
inflammation of bronchi causing obstruction
|
bronchitis
|
|
|
destruction of pulmonary arterioles/capilaries causing an increase in resistance to blood flow is known as
|
pulmonary hypertension
|
|
|
this form of bronchogenic carcinoma constitute 20-25% of lung cancers
|
small (oat) cell
|
|
|
according to boyles law, are pressure and volume directly or indirectly releated
|
indirectly
|
|
|
does a decrease in temp cause hgb to bind or release oxy
|
bind
|
|
|
whats the result from damage to the pontine respiratory center
|
the inability to fully exhale
|
|
|
an overwhelming majority of pulmonary embolisms originate where
|
femoral or calf veins
|
|
|
which way will the oxy-hgb dissocation curve shift to indicate that hgb will bind to oxy
|
left
|
|
|
at rest, what % of oxy bound to hgb is delivered to tissues
|
22%
|
|
|
what type of tissue does the lining of the bronchi and bronchioles become in squamous cell carcinoma
|
stratified squamous epithelium
|
|
|
compared to the tissues the lungs have more or less diphosphoglycerate
|
less
|
|
|
is expiration at rest accomplished with or without muscle contraction
|
without
|
|
|
for the carbonic anhydrase equation, what happens to the CO2 levels if the hydrogen ion level increases
|
increases
|
|
|
give location for dorsal respiratory group
|
medulla oblongata
|
|
|
areas such as the mouth in which no gas exchange occurs are known as
|
anatomical dead air space
|
|
|
name the motor nerve for the diaphragm
|
phrenic
|
|
|
in the post natal human where does hgb bind to oxy
|
lungs
|
|
|
escherihia, klebsiella, pseudomonas are ex of
|
gram negative bacteria
|
|
|
what type of values would you expect with astma
|
lower
|
|
|
whats the typical volume for anatomical dead air space
|
150 ml
|
|
|
the chemoreceptors found within CNS are referred to as
|
central
|
|
|
what % of lung cancers is caused by small cell or oat cell carcinoma
|
20-25%
|
|
|
compared to the lungs the tissues have more or less CO2
|
more
|
|
|
which of the bronchogenic carcinomas tends to be least responsive to both chemo and radio-therapies
|
large cell(undifferentiated) carcinoma
|
|
|
loss of negative, interpleural pressure as it equilibrates w/ atmospheric pressure
|
pneumothorax
|
|
|
area regulates breathing rhythms during vocalization
|
pontine respiratory centers
|
|
|
amount of air left in lung after max exhalation is
|
residual volume
|
|
|
which compound normally found in the body has the least significant effect on respiration rates
|
O2
|
|
|
diameter of a typical alveolus
|
0.2-0.5 mm
|
|
|
a disease that causes permanent enlargement of alveoli
|
emphysema
|
|
|
does the total lung capacity increase or decrease due to fibrosis
|
decrease
|
|
|
which is the most abundant cell type of the alveoli
|
type I cells
|
|
|
the endocrine function of the respiratory sys is demonstrated by lungs ability to produce which hormone
|
angiotensin II
|
|
|
which layer of the respiratory membrane is fourth from the alveolar lumen
|
interstitium
|
|
|
area regulates breathing rhythms during exercise
|
pontine respiratory centers
|
|
|
surface tension of water is caused by
|
hydrogen bonds
|
|
|
which gas displaces oxy at the tremendous pressure experienced by deep diving
|
nitrogen
|
|
|
the inability to fully exhale after damage to the brain is known as
|
apneustic breathing
|
|
|
the max amount of air inspired after tidal expiration is
|
inspiratory capacity
|
|
|
which tissue type makes up alveolar epithelium of the respiratory membrane
|
simple squamous
|
|
|
total amount of air left in lungs after normal expiration is
|
functional residual
|
|
|
area such as the nasal passages in which no gas exchange occurs
|
anatomical dead air space
|
|
|
strongest correlation with smoking
|
small (oat) cell carcinoma
|
|
|
is forced inspiration during exercise accomplished with or w/out muscle contraction
|
with
|
|
|
how much oxy can be delivered to the tissues during heavy exercise as compared to that delivered at rest
|
15 ml/dl plasma
|
|
|
areas such as the trachea in which no gas exchange occurs are
|
anatomical dead air space
|
|
|
the surface tension of water is caused by
|
the polar nature of the water molecules
|
|
|
these send action potential to the diaphragm
|
inspiratory neurons
|
|
|
a foreign obj traveling in blood
|
embolus
|
|
|
whats the most common type of pneumonia
|
community acquired
|
|
|
what organism causes tuberculosis
|
mycobacterium tuberculosis
|
|
|
what causes 2/3 of the collapsing forces of the lungs
|
surface tension of water
|
|
|
whats the mortality rate for hospital acquired pneumonia
|
50%
|
|
|
fat-soluble compounds such as CO2 do or do not cross the blood brain barrier easily
|
do
|
|
|
what nerve transmits signals from the carotid chemoreceptors to the respiratory center
|
glossopharyngeal
|
|
|
identify the space between pleura
|
pleural cavity
|
|
|
whats the combined surface area for the capillaries of the lungs
|
100 square meters
|
|
|
major respiratory muscle
|
diaphragm
|
|
|
hgb bound to oxy is
|
oxyhemoglobin
|
|
|
a good indicator of ventilation effectiveness which looks at ventilation rate, tidal volume and subtracts dead space from tidal volume
|
alveolar ventilation rate
|
|
|
water-soluble compounds such as do or don't cross the blood brain barrier easily
|
do not
|
|
|
what % of the alveolar cells are type I
|
95%
|
|
|
what happens to the diameter of a bronchiole if CO2 levels are high
|
bronchodilation
|
|
|
sole innervation for the major respiratory muscle
|
phrenic nerve
|
|
|
typical value for alveolar air
|
350 ml
|
|
|
a disease caused by genetic loss of chloride channels
|
cystic fibrosis
|
|
|
a form blindness seen in infants that were treated for pulmonary distress using high concentration of oxy
|
retrolental fibroplasia
|
|
|
type of atelectasis often caused by pneumonia
|
patchy
|
|
|
another term for a disease acquired while in the hospital
|
nosocomial
|
|
|
# 1 cancer cause of death in both sexes is cancer of the
|
lung
|
|
|
condition in which there is abnormally high levels of CO2 in blood
|
hyercapnia
|
|
|
does a decrease in CO2 cause hgb to bind or release oxy
|
bind
|
|
|
polar compounds such H+ as do or do not cross blood brain barrier easily
|
do not
|
|
|
a right shift in the oxy0hgb dissociation curve is caused by an increase or decrease in diposphoglucerate
|
increase
|
|
|
0.5% of out atmopshere is comprised of which gas
|
water vapor
|
|
|
compared to the tissues the lungs have more or less CO2
|
less
|
|
|
what type of tissue typified the bronchi and brinchioles in a healthy lung prior to lung cancer
|
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
|
|
|
will diarrhea cause hgb to bind ot release oxy
|
release
|
|
|
compared to the tissues are the lungs warmer or cooler
|
cooler
|
|
|
this form of bronchogenic carcinoma constitutes 20-25% of lung cancers, demonstrates the worse prgnosis, and has the highest correlation with smoking
|
small (oat) cell carcinoma
|
|
|
type of atelectasis caused by blood entering the pleural cavity
|
hemothorax
|
|
|
which cells of the lung tissues cause asthma
|
mast cells
|
|
|
# 2 cause of disability in adults under age 65
|
COPD
|
|
|
what is the size of a typical tumor found in small cell or oat cell carcinoma
|
less that 6-8 diam
|
|
|
where are tumors typically found in squamous cell carcinoma
|
near the hilus
|
|
|
the chemoreceptors found outside of the CNS are
|
peripheral
|
|
|
of all bronchogenic carcinomas, which constitutes 30-35% of lung cancers and appears to originate from glands and has a rather weak correlation with smoking
|
adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
which layer of the respiratory membrane is 6th from the alveolar lumen
|
endothelium or capillary
|
|
|
at rest what saturation level does venous blood typically drop to
|
75%
|
|
|
specific forces of the lung tissue that facilitate the collapse of the lungs are known as
|
elastic forces of the lungs
|
|
|
% of vital capacity thats exhaled in 1 sec is
|
forced expiratory volume
|
|
|
which is the most common fatal genetic disease
|
cystic fibrosis
|
|
|
a diagrammatic representation of when and where hgb pick up or releases oxy
|
oxy-hgb dissociation curve
|
|
|
does and increase in hydrogen ion concentrations cause hgb to bind or release oxy
|
release
|
